Aircraft Descent Profile Control With Dynamic Guidance Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current flight management systems (FMS) are limited by outdated programming techniques that assume constant aircraft performance characteristics during descent, failing to optimize for speed, time, and cost constraints, leading to suboptimal descent profiles.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that utilize nonlinear programming to define a descent profile with two segments: an optimal guidance trajectory for the initial segment and position-based guidance for the second segment, optimizing fuel consumption and reducing costs by dynamically adjusting aircraft parameters like airspeed and thrust.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If constant aircraft performance characteristics are assumed during descent, then the programming is simpler and compatible with prior generation systems, but fuel consumption is not optimized and operational costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprogramming simplicityVSAvoidfuel consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by transitioning from static, constant performance assumptions to dynamic, real-time performance modeling. The system continuously updates aircraft performance characteristics based on actual flight conditions, enabling optimal descent profile calculation that adapts to changing weights, atmospheric conditions, and aircraft state, thereby reducing fuel consumption while maintaining computational feasibility through efficient algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements parameter changes by varying key descent parameters such as airspeed, thrust, and descent rate based on real-time aircraft performance data. Instead of maintaining constant values, the system dynamically adjusts these parameters throughout the descent to optimize fuel efficiency while satisfying operational constraints, representing a fundamental shift from fixed-parameter to variable-parameter control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If constant airspeed or Mach is maintained during descent, then the control system is simpler, but speed and time constraints cannot be optimized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol system complexityVSAvoiddescent optimization
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs dynamic speed management where the optimal airspeed or Mach number is continuously calculated and updated throughout the descent based on changing aircraft weight, atmospheric conditions, and operational constraints. This dynamic approach enables the system to satisfy both speed constraints and time constraints simultaneously, achieving superior descent optimization compared to constant speed methods while managing complexity through efficient real-time computation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Ease of operation

If pre-defined constant values are used for aircraft performance parameters, then the flight management system is easier to operate, but accurate fuel consumption optimization cannot be achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem operabilityVSAvoidfuel consumption accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements self-service by automatically calculating and updating optimal descent profiles using real-time aircraft performance data without requiring manual intervention. The flight management system independently processes current aircraft state, weight, and environmental conditions to generate optimized descent trajectories, maintaining ease of operation while achieving high precision in fuel consumption optimization through continuous self-updating performance models.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Stability of the object's composition

If outdated programming techniques are used in flight management systems, then compatibility with prior generation systems is maintained, but cost optimization capabilities are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem compatibilityVSAvoidcost optimization
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the descent profile into multiple phases or segments, each with its own optimization criteria and control strategies. This segmented approach allows the system to maintain compatibility with existing flight management systems while implementing advanced optimization techniques in specific descent phases, thereby achieving cost optimization without requiring complete system replacement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP3974937B1Method and system for determining a descent profile
Publication Date: 2024.10.02 GE AVIATION SYSTEMS LLC
  • EP3974937B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3974937B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3974937B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method (100) and system of operating a vehicle in a descent profile (16), the method (100) comprising obtaining (102), at a controller module (32), a mathematical model of performance characteristics for an aircraft (20), generating (104) an optimal guidance trajectory, and operating (106) the aircraft (20) in accordance with the optimal guidance trajectory prior to operating in a position-based guidance.