Aircraft Part Assembly Using Digital Surface Matching

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Solution Overview

Problem

The aeronautical industry faces high costs and inflexibility due to the need for custom-made jigs and tooling for precise assembly of aircraft parts, which are expensive to manufacture, maintain, and often cannot be reused across different programs, leading to significant capital investment and long return periods.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that uses digital modeling and reverse engineering to eliminate the need for conventional jigs by digitizing receptor surfaces and adapting coupling surfaces of aircraft parts, allowing for precise assembly without shims and with reduced mechanical restrictions, using a computer program to position and mechanize parts for assembly.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional jigs and tooling are used for assembly, then manufacturing precision and stability are improved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly precisionVSAvoidjig structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a digital copy (3D point cloud model) of the receptor surface and uses it to generate the coupling surface geometry. This digital model serves as a precise template that eliminates the need for complex physical jigs, while maintaining manufacturing precision through computational geometry and automated machining processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical jig system with a digital-information-based system. Instead of using physical tooling structures to guide assembly, the invention uses digital surface models, computer-aided design (CAD), and automated machining to achieve precise positioning and coupling of aircraft parts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Manufacturing precision

If custom-made jigs are manufactured for each program, then assembly precision is improved, but loss of time and adaptability worsen due to inability to reuse

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly precisionVSAvoidjig manufacturing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a universal digital modeling system that can be applied across different aircraft programs and part types. The 3D scanning and point cloud processing methodology is program-agnostic, allowing the same digital workflow to serve multiple assembly operations, thereby eliminating the need for program-specific physical jigs while maintaining precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs digital surface scanning and model creation before the actual machining and assembly operations. By establishing the digital reference model in advance, the system eliminates the need for time-consuming physical jig manufacturing and setup, as the digital model can be rapidly processed and used to guide automated machining processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Stability of the object's composition

If jigs are used with hard points for reference, then positioning stability is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to thermal dilatations from material differences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvejig structure stabilityVSAvoidpositioning measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the reference from physical hard points on rigid structures to digital coordinate data from 3D surface scanning. By transitioning from physical measurement references (which are subject to thermal expansion) to digital models, the system eliminates temperature-related measurement errors while maintaining positioning stability through computational precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Measurement precision

If periodic recalibration of jigs is performed, then measurement precision is maintained, but loss of time and productivity worsen due to long periods of inactivity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvejig measurement accuracyVSAvoidassembly productivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the system to self-verify and self-correct through automated 3D scanning and point cloud comparison. The digital models can be rapidly regenerated and compared against actual surfaces, providing continuous verification without requiring external calibration operations or taking the equipment out of service, thus maintaining both precision and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3486813B1Manufacturing and assembly method and system of parts of an aircraft
Publication Date: 2022.04.27 AIRBUS DEFENCE & SPACE SAU
  • EP3486813B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3486813B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The manufacturing and assembly method of parts of an aircraft comprise the following steps: - providing a first aircraft part (1) comprising a receptor surface (3) on which a coupling surface (4) of a second aircraft part (2) is to be assembled, - providing a model of the first (1) and the second (2) aircraft parts in its assembled position, the model of the second (2) aircraft part comprising machining allowances (5) in its coupling surface (4), - digitalising the receptor surface (3) of the first aircraft part (1), - positioning the digitalisation in the computer model in the assembled position such that the digitalisation of the receptor surface (3) intersects the coupling surface (4) of the second (2) aircraft part, - obtaining a model of the second part (2) in which the coupling surface (4) fits the digitalised receptor surface (3), - mechanising the second aircraft part (2).