Electric Aircraft Power Distribution Charge Balancing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing power distribution systems for electric aircraft struggle to balance the state of charge between energy storage modules while ensuring uninterrupted power supply to propulsion systems, as direct interconnection can lead to overcurrent and reduced power capability due to voltage differences and the need for redundant systems increases weight and volume constraints.
Innovation Solution
A power distribution system with switchable connections between energy storage and propulsion modules, managed by a network management device, which enables charge balancing by temporarily cross-connecting modules with higher state of charge to those with lower state of charge, preventing direct power flow between modules to maintain power supply to propulsion systems and providing redundancy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If energy storage modules are directly interconnected to achieve charge balancing, then charge balancing is enabled, but uncontrolled high current flows between modules with different voltages
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a charge balancing module as an intermediary device between energy storage modules with different voltages. This module contains controllable switches that regulate the current flow, preventing direct uncontrolled connection while enabling safe charge balancing. The intermediary structure allows voltage-matched modules to be connected through controlled pathways.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically configures the electrical network topology by controlling switches in the charge balancing module. Based on real-time voltage states of energy storage modules, the system activates or deactivates specific connection pathways, transforming the static network into a dynamic reconfigurable structure that adapts to changing conditions.
2Reliability
If energy storage modules are directly interconnected for charge balancing, then charge balancing is achieved, but power capability to propulsion system is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the power distribution into separate pathways: one for propulsion power delivery and another for charge balancing. The charge balancing module operates independently from the main propulsion power path, allowing charge balancing operations to occur without diverting power from the propulsion system. This segmentation enables simultaneous operation of both functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The charge balancing module acts as an intermediary that isolates charge balancing operations from the propulsion power path. By using controlled switches and intermediate connection points, the system enables charge balancing between energy storage modules without creating competitive power flow that would reduce propulsion power capability.
3Reliability
If redundant energy storage systems are implemented for safety, then safety and reliability are improved, but weight and volume constraints are increased
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the energy storage modules to serve multiple functions: primary propulsion power supply, charge balancing sources, and backup power sources. Each module can operate independently or in combination with others, eliminating the need for dedicated backup systems. The same hardware infrastructure supports both operational and safety requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The system merges the backup function into the primary energy storage architecture. By enabling any energy storage module to serve as a backup to others through the reconfigurable network, the patent combines multiple functions (power supply, charge balancing, and backup) into a unified system, reducing overall weight and volume compared to separate dedicated backup systems.
4Reliability
If electrical network is segregated into modules, then single-point failures are prevented, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the electrical network into modular units with defined interfaces. Each energy storage module can be independently managed and connected to the propulsion system through standardized pathways. This segmentation isolates failures to specific modules while maintaining overall system functionality through alternative pathways.
Solution Approach 2:
The charge balancing module serves multiple functions simultaneously: it enables charge balancing operations, provides alternative power pathways for redundancy, and maintains network segregation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated components, simplifying the overall system despite the modular architecture.
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a power distribution system for an electric aircraft having an electrical network with plural sub-networks each including energy storage modules and propulsion modules. Two of the sub-networks may be connected at any time for reasons of charge balancing, while preventing a direct energy flow between energy storage modules included in different sub-networks. In addition, the connection between different sub-networks may be used to compensate for failure in an energy storage module.