Albino Barb Transgenesis for Visible Red Ornamental Fish
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Solution Overview
Problem
The ornamental fish industry faces challenges in developing transgenic fish that effectively display vibrant colors, particularly red pigmentation, due to limited progress in transgenesis with fluorescent proteins.
Innovation Solution
The development of transgenic albino barbs with specific integration events, such as the 'Red barb 1 transformation event', which introduces chromosomally integrated transgenes to produce red fluorescent fish, utilizing methods like microinjection and in vitro fertilization, enabling the production of fertile and aesthetically pleasing red-colored ornamental fish.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If transgenic technology is used to introduce fluorescent proteins into ornamental fish, then new color varieties can be created, but progress in developing fish that effectively display vibrant colors has been limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selecting albino barbs as the host organism, which have reduced melanin pigmentation in specific regions (skin and scales). This localized modification of pigmentation characteristics creates a background that enhances the visibility and vibrancy of introduced fluorescent proteins, particularly red fluorescent proteins, without requiring modification of the entire organism's pigmentation system.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent directly applies color changes by introducing fluorescent protein genes (such as dsRed, mCherry, and other red fluorescent proteins) into albino barbs. The fluorescent proteins produce vibrant red, orange, yellow, and other colors that are not naturally present in the fish, fundamentally changing the color display capabilities of the ornamental fish through genetic transformation.
2Stability of the object's composition
If dark striped pigmentation is present in tiger barb, then the wild-type appearance is maintained, but the display of various colors is not efficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the taking out principle by selectively removing or reducing the dark melanin pigmentation through the use of albino variants. By taking out the interfering dark pigmentation, the background becomes lighter and more transparent, allowing the fluorescent proteins to emit their colors more effectively without being obscured by the dark striped pattern of wild-type tiger barbs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies color changes by replacing the dark melanin-based pigmentation with fluorescent protein-based coloration. The albino background provides a light base that enhances the emission of fluorescent colors, creating a visual effect that is more vibrant and visible than the dark striped wild-type appearance.
3Reliability
If fluorescent proteins are introduced into fish with normal pigmentation, then transgenic markers are created, but the vibrant color display is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by choosing albino barbs with locally reduced pigmentation in the skin and scales. This localized absence of dark pigmentation creates optimal conditions for fluorescent protein expression, allowing the transgenic markers to not only serve as reliable genetic indicators but also to produce vibrant, visually striking colors that enhance the ornamental value of the fish.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution results in the creation of commercially valuable, fertile, and visually striking red transgenic fish that can be used in the ornamental fish market and serve as valuable scientific research tools for tracing cell lineage and marking cells in genetic mosaic experiments.
Implementation Method 1
transgenic albino barbs with specific integration events, such as the 'Red barb 1 transformation event', which introduces chromosomally integrated transgenes to produce red fluorescent fish
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to transgenic red ornamental fish, as well as methods of making such fish by in vitro fertilization techniques. Also disclosed are methods of establishing a population of such transgenic fish and methods of providing them to the ornamental fish industry for the purpose of marketing.