Alkali Metal Diacetate Solid Dialysis Agent
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current dialysis agents face challenges in achieving a low total acetate ion concentration in bicarbonate dialysis fluids, which is desirable for reducing symptoms like hypotension and improving safety, while also maintaining glucose stability and reducing acetic acid odor and corrosion risks.
Innovation Solution
A solid dialysis agent A containing glucose, acetic acid, and an acetate salt, where at least part of the mixture is an alkali metal diacetate, with a molar ratio of acetic acid to acetate salt between 1:0.5 to 2, is used to prepare a bicarbonate dialysis fluid with a total acetate ion concentration of 2 mEq/L or higher but less than 6 mEq/L, reducing acetic acid odor and improving stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If acetic acid is used as a pH adjusting agent in dialysis fluid, then the acid-base balance is corrected, but acetic acid odor increases and symptoms like hypotension occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by using alternative pH adjusting agents (citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, or gluconic acid) instead of acetic acid, and optimizes their concentrations to achieve the desired pH range while minimizing harmful effects. This parameter change resolves the contradiction by maintaining acid-base correction functionality while eliminating acetic acid-related symptoms and odor.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes acetic acid from the dialysis fluid formulation entirely, replacing it with alternative organic acids that do not produce the same harmful effects. By taking out the problematic substance (acetic acid) while retaining the functional requirement (pH adjustment), the contradiction between effective acid-base correction and harmful acetic acid effects is resolved.
2Reliability
If conventional dialysis agents are used, then acid-base balance is corrected, but total acetate ion concentration is high (≥6 mEq/L) causing hypotension and safety issues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates acetate ions from the dialysis fluid by replacing acetic acid-based pH adjustment with alternative organic acid systems. This extraction of the problematic substance (acetate ions) while maintaining the acid-base correction function resolves the contradiction between effective treatment and high acetate ion concentration causing hypotension.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by substituting acetic acid with alternative organic acids (citric, malic, lactic, succinic, fumaric, or gluconic acid) at optimized concentrations. This parameter change achieves the dual goal of maintaining acid-base balance correction while reducing total acetate ion concentration below 6 mEq/L to prevent hypotension.
3Reliability
If acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate are coexist in the same container, then pH adjustment is achieved, but carbon dioxide gas is generated and stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the dialysis fluid into separate components that are mixed only at the time of use, preventing premature reaction between acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate. By dividing the formulation into stable separate components (acid component and bicarbonate component), the contradiction between achieving pH adjustment and maintaining storage stability is resolved.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary preparation of stable precursor components (organic acid and its salt, along with sodium hydrogen carbonate) that can be stored separately without reacting. These pre-prepared components are then combined at the appropriate time to achieve the desired pH adjustment, resolving the contradiction by preparing components in advance in a stable state before the actual pH adjustment occurs.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively suppresses symptoms like hypotension, enhances glucose stability, and reduces corrosion risks, making the dialysis process safer and more manageable, with improved handling and storage properties.
Implementation Method 1
a solid dialysis agent A containing glucose, acetic acid, and an acetate salt, and at least a part of a mixture of the acetic acid and the acetate salt is an alkali metal diacetate
Implementation Method 2
the molar ratio of acetic acid:acetate salt is 1:0.5 to 2
Implementation Method 3
agent B containing sodium hydrogen carbonate
Implementation Method 4
such components generate carbon dioxide gas in the container
Implementation Method 5
the formulation of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride into the agent B is contraindicated to prevent the precipitation of insoluble salts
Data Source
AI summary
[Problem] To provide a solid dialysis A agent which is to be used in preparing a bicarbonate dialysis fluid, which enables the setting of a low total acetate ion content in a dialysis fluid, and which exhibits excellent storage stability of glucose or the like and a reduced acetic acid odor. [Solution] A solid dialysis A agent which is to be used in preparing a bicarbonate dialysis fluid, wherein: the solid dialysis A agent contains glucose, acetic acid and an acetate salt; at least a part of a mixture of the acetic acid with the acetate salt is an alkali metal diacetate; and the acetic acid/acetate salt molar ratio is adjusted to 1/0.5 to 1/2. This solid dialysis A agent makes it possible to prepare a bicarbonate dialysis fluid which has a total acetate ion concentration of 2 to less than 6 mEq/L. Further, the dialysis A agent exhibits excellent stability of ingredients and a reduced acetic acid odor.