Alkaline Cell Separator-Electrolyte Pairing for Lower Impedance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing alkaline electrochemical cells face challenges in achieving lower overall battery impedance to enhance power capability and service life, particularly in powering contemporary electronic devices.

Innovation Solution

The use of an alkaline electrolyte solution and a specific separator combination in an alkaline electrochemical cell, which includes a cathode with manganese dioxide and an anode with zinc, along with a gelling agent and additives, to reduce battery impedance and improve performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If conventional separator and electrolyte combinations are used in alkaline electrochemical cells, then the battery structure is simple and manufacturing is easier, but the overall battery impedance is high which limits power capability and service life

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower capabilityVSAvoidseparator and electrolyte combination complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining a porous polymer separator with specific electrolyte compositions containing zinc oxide and potassium hydroxide. This composite approach reduces overall battery impedance while maintaining structural simplicity, directly addressing the contradiction between power capability improvement and device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes physical and chemical parameters of the electrolyte system by specifying precise concentrations of zinc oxide (0.1-5% by weight) and potassium hydroxide (2-10% by weight), along with controlling separator porosity (30-70%) and thickness (10-100 micrometers). These parameter optimizations reduce impedance and enhance power capability without significantly increasing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Duration of action of moving object

If conventional separator and electrolyte combinations are used in alkaline electrochemical cells, then the manufacturing process is simpler, but the service life is reduced due to higher overall battery impedance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveservice lifeVSAvoidseparator and electrolyte combination complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs composite materials consisting of a porous polymer separator combined with an optimized electrolyte mixture containing zinc oxide and potassium hydroxide. This composite structure reduces overall battery impedance, enabling extended service life through improved ion transport efficiency while keeping the manufacturing process relatively simple

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes service life by precisely controlling electrolyte composition parameters including zinc oxide concentration (0.1-5% by weight), potassium hydroxide concentration (2-10% by weight), separator porosity (30-70%), and separator thickness (10-100 micrometers). These parameter changes reduce impedance and enhance durability without requiring complex manufacturing processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration results in lower overall battery impedance, leading to improved power capability and extended service life, as demonstrated by enhanced performance in discharge tests such as the ANSI/IEC Motorized Toys Test, Remote Controls Test, and Clock/Radio Test.

Implementation Method 1

An electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode contains ions that flow through the separator between the electrodes to maintain charge balance throughout the battery during discharge

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon flow: Ion Exchange

Implementation Method 2

The anode active material is capable of reducing the cathode active material. When a battery is used as an electrical energy source in a device, electrical contact is made to the anode and the cathode, allowing electrons to flow through the device and permitting the respective oxidation and reduction reactions to occur to provide electrical power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

The anode active material is capable of reducing the cathode active material. When a battery is used as an electrical energy source in a device, electrical contact is made to the anode and the cathode, allowing electrons to flow through the device and permitting the respective oxidation and reduction reactions to occur to provide electrical power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReduction: Reduction

Data Source

PatentEP4213252B1Alkaline electrochemical cells with separator and electrolyte combination
Publication Date: 2025.04.23 DURACELL US OPERATIONS INC
  • EP4213252B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4213252B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4213252B1 patent drawing

AI summary

An alkaline electrochemical cell having an anode including electrochemically active anode material comprising at least 3.3 g of zinc or zinc alloy, a cathode including electrochemically active cathode material comprising 10 g to 11.5 g of manganese dioxide, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte comprising 25% to 35% by weight of an alkali hydroxide based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The separator in combination with the electrolyte may have an initial area-specific resistance between 100 mOhm-cm2 and 220 mOhm-cm2.