Alkaline Electrochemical Cell Zinc Density Optimization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Alkaline electrochemical cells face a challenge in achieving cost-efficiency while maintaining performance, as reducing the amount of expensive electrochemically active materials like zinc and manganese dioxide can lead to decreased run time and increased electrolyte leakage.

Innovation Solution

The electrochemical cell design incorporates a reduced ratio of zinc weight to anode volume (less than 1.80 g/cm³) and increased water and potassium hydroxide (KOH) ratios, with a larger cathode interface area and the use of a gelling agent in the anode, to optimize material usage and minimize costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If the amount of electrochemically active materials (zinc and manganese dioxide) is reduced to lower cost, then manufacturing cost decreases, but run time decreases and electrolyte leakage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidrun time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the density parameter of zinc in the anode from conventional values (1.80-2.20 g/cm³) to a lower range (1.60-1.75 g/cm³). This parameter change allows for increased zinc volume within the same anode space, improving capacity and run time while maintaining cost efficiency through optimized material distribution rather than simply increasing total material quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality optimization by specifically modifying the zinc density distribution within the anode structure. Rather than uniformly increasing zinc throughout the cell, the invention focuses on optimizing the local density and distribution of zinc particles in the anode mixture, creating regions of enhanced electrochemical activity where needed while maintaining overall cost efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If the amount of electrochemically active materials (zinc and manganese dioxide) is reduced to lower cost, then manufacturing cost decreases, but electrolyte leakage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidelectrolyte leakage
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the density parameter of zinc to 1.60-1.75 g/cm³, which changes the physical structure and packing of the anode. This parameter change creates a more open, less dense structure that reduces internal stress and pressure buildup during charge-discharge cycles, thereby preventing electrolyte leakage while maintaining reduced material quantities for cost efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The optimized zinc density structure acts as a preventive measure against electrolyte leakage. By creating a less dense, more compliant anode structure beforehand, the invention cushions against the development of excessive internal pressure that would otherwise cause leakage, addressing the reliability issue before it manifests during battery operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Duration of action of moving object

If the amount of electrochemically active materials is increased to improve run time, then run time increases, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverun timeVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of increasing the total quantity of expensive electrochemically active materials, the patent changes the density parameter of zinc to create a more voluminous anode structure. This parameter change allows the same or greater zinc mass to occupy more space, improving capacity and run time without proportionally increasing material cost, as the increased volume is achieved through lower density packing rather than higher material quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Ease of manufacture

If conventional zinc density (1.80-2.20 g/cm³) is used in the anode, then material cost is lower, but anode efficiency and run time are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial costVSAvoidanode efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent directly addresses this contradiction by changing the zinc density parameter from the conventional 1.80-2.20 g/cm³ range to 1.60-1.75 g/cm³. This parameter change creates a less dense, more voluminous anode structure that improves electrochemical efficiency and run time. The cost increase is minimal compared to the significant performance gain, as the density change optimizes material utilization rather than simply adding more expensive materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in a cost-efficient battery with enhanced performance, as evidenced by higher discharge efficiencies and reduced material costs without compromising the battery's ability to power devices effectively.

Implementation Method 1

an electrochemical cell (10) comprising: a container (12) defining a sealed volume; a cathode (20) disposed within the container and comprising manganese dioxide; an anode (24) disposed within the container (12) and comprising zinc

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reaction: Redox Reactions

Implementation Method 2

An alkaline electrolyte disposed within the container is in contact with the anode and cathode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2030270B1Alkaline electrochemical cell
Publication Date: 2014.05.07 EVEREADY BATTERY CO INC
  • EP2030270B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2030270B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2030270B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An alkaline electrochemical cell is provided which efficiently utilizes active materials within the cell to achieve enhanced cost efficiency. The electrochemical cell includes a container defining a sealed volume and an anode and cathode disposed in the sealed volume of the container. The cathode includes manganese dioxide and the anode includes zinc. A ratio of zinc weight to anode volume is less than 1.8g/cm3. An alkaline electrolyte is disposed in the container in contact with the anode and cathode, and water is disposed within the container. A weight ratio of water to manganese dioxide is greater than 0.28, and a weight ratio of water to zinc is greater than 0.65.