Alkoxy Nootkatone Repellent Formulations for Extended Arthropod Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current repellents like DEET and PMD are ineffective due to short duration, environmental concerns, resistance issues, and unpleasant odors, necessitating a long-lasting, non-toxic, and odorless alternative for controlling biting arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes, and bed bugs.
Innovation Solution
The use of alkoxy nootkatone, either alone or in combination with skin-derived compounds and conventional repellents like DEET, PMD, or IR3535, to create a synergistic formulation that provides extended protection against biting arthropods without the drawbacks of existing repellents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If DEET is used as a repellent, then repellency effectiveness is improved, but duration of action deteriorates (short lasting effect)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines DEET with alkoxy nootkatone and other compounds to create a multi-component formulation. This merging of multiple repellent agents with different properties aims to achieve both high effectiveness and extended duration of action, where each component contributes to different aspects of repellency performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite formulations containing multiple active ingredients (DEET, alkoxy nootkatone, and other compounds) rather than single-component repellents. This composite approach allows the formulation to leverage the strengths of each individual component, achieving prolonged protection while maintaining high repellency effectiveness.
2Reliability
If DEET is used at higher dosages to maintain effectiveness, then repellency effectiveness is improved, but object-generated harmful factors worsen (bad smell, plastic dissolution)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the repellent formulation by introducing alkoxy nootkatone and other compounds alongside DEET. This parameter change allows the formulation to achieve effective repellency at lower DEET concentrations, thereby reducing the harmful effects associated with high DEET dosages such as strong odor and plastic dissolution.
Solution Approach 2:
The alkoxy nootkatone and other compounds act as intermediary substances that enhance the overall repellency of the formulation. These intermediaries work synergistically with DEET to provide effective protection, allowing DEET to be used at lower concentrations and thus reducing its harmful side effects.
3Reliability
If conventional repellents like PMD are used, then repellency effectiveness is improved, but loss of substance worsens (high cost)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines PMD with alkoxy nootkatone and other compounds to create a cost-effective multi-component formulation. This merging allows the use of smaller amounts of expensive PMD while maintaining effectiveness through the synergistic action of the other components, thereby reducing overall material cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention incorporates more cost-effective compounds alongside PMD to create a formulation that achieves prolonged protection at lower overall cost. The combination allows the formulation to rely less on expensive PMD and more on affordable complementary ingredients.
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure relates to a method for the control or repellency of biting arthropods. The method comprises bringing the biting arthropods into contact with a biting arthropod repellent formulation. The biting arthropod repellent formulation comprises an alkoxy nootkatone separate from, or in combination, or in synergistic combination, with skin or plant derived compounds and compounds structurally similar to them (e.g., ketones, cyclic ketones, esters, gamma or delta lactones, and branched and/or unsaturated carboxylic acids), and/or one or more repellents selected from the group consisting of DEET®, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), Picaridin, ethyl 3-[acetyl(butyl)amino]propanoate (IR3535), and other nitrogen-containing repellents including amines, amides, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. This disclosure also relates to a biting arthropod repellent formulation comprising an alkoxy nootkatone separate from, or in combination, or in synergistic combination, with the skin or plant derived compounds and compounds structurally similar to them, and/or the one or more repellents.