Alkoxysilane Polymer Blends Prevent Yellowing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Transparent polymer systems used in adhesives and sealants often yellow during storage and exposure to light due to the presence of amine compounds, which complicates maintaining transparency, especially in applications where visibility is crucial.

Innovation Solution

Development of polymer blends comprising alkoxysilane-terminated polymers, high-BET surface area silicas, and a catalyst system free of amine functions, allowing for the creation of transparent, stable formulations that do not require amines as cocatalysts, thereby preventing yellowing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If amine compounds are added to polymer formulations as cocatalysts and adhesion promoters, then curing efficiency and adhesion are improved, but yellowing occurs during storage and UV exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecuring efficiencyVSAvoidyellowing
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention removes amine compounds from the formulation by using alternative catalyst systems based on organometallic complexes (e.g., cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron) that do not cause yellowing. This extraction of the harmful component while maintaining curing functionality through substitution with benign alternatives directly resolves the contradiction between curing efficiency and yellowing prevention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the catalyst system by introducing specific organometallic complexes with defined coordination spheres and ligands. These parameter changes enable effective curing without the yellowing side effect, as the alternative metal complexes operate through different catalytic mechanisms that do not produce chromophoric degradation products.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Illumination intensity

If transparent polymer systems are used in applications requiring visibility, then aesthetic requirements are met, but yellowing during storage compromises transparency

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovetransparencyVSAvoidstorage stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the yellowing-causing amine compounds from the formulation and replaces them with organometallic catalyst systems that maintain curing efficiency without compromising transparency over time. This removal of the harmful component ensures long-term storage stability while preserving the transparent appearance required for visible applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention employs alternative catalyst systems that, while effective for curing, do not possess the long-term stability issues of amine compounds. By using these substitute catalysts, the formulation achieves its functional purpose without the lingering yellowing problem, effectively replacing a short-lived problematic component with a more stable alternative.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If dyes are added to mask yellowing in transparent materials, then color compensation is achieved, but the solution becomes partially ineffective and may turn green or brown

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveyellow discolorationVSAvoidcolor stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of attempting to mask the harmful yellowing effect with dyes, the invention converts the approach by eliminating the root cause of yellowing through the use of organometallic catalyst systems. This prevents the formation of yellow chromophores in the first place, avoiding the need for color compensation and the subsequent green or brown discoloration that occurs when dyes interact with strong yellowing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The polymer blends remain transparent and stable under UV exposure, offering a wide range of applications without the need for additional colorants to mask yellowing, ensuring consistent performance across various substrates.

Implementation Method 1

In the presence of atmospheric moisture, these alkoxysilane-terminated polymers are able to condense with one another at room temperature, eliminating the alkoxy groups.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Implementation Method 2

In the presence of atmospheric moisture, these alkoxysilane-terminated polymers are able to condense with one another at room temperature, eliminating the alkoxy groups.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Implementation Method 3

pyrogenically produced or precipitated silica with a BET surface area of at least 50 m2/g

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP2016134B2Transparent polymer mixtures which contain alkoxysilane-terminated polymers
Publication Date: 2015.06.24 WACKER CHEMIE AG

AI summary

The invention relates to polymer mixtures (P) which contain A) alkoxysilane-terminated polymers (A) with at least one terminal group of general formula (I), -A-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(