Alkyl Silane Treated Silica for High Pigment Toner Charging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Toner compositions with high pigment loading face challenges in charging and transfer efficiency due to high dielectric loss, leading to degraded image quality, particularly in high humidity conditions.

Innovation Solution

The use of alkyl silane surface-treated silica additives, such as octyl triethoxy silane (OTS), enhances charging and second transfer efficiency, improving image quality by increasing toner particle charge and reducing dielectric loss across varying humidity conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If black pigment loading is increased to achieve high color density and blackness, then image color quality is improved, but dielectric loss increases causing reduced charging and lower transfer efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor densityVSAvoiddielectric loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

Alkyl silane surface-treated silica particles are introduced as intermediary substances between the black pigment and the toner matrix. These treated silica particles have low dielectric loss properties that counterbalance the high dielectric loss of black pigment, thereby maintaining effective charging while enabling high pigment loading for improved color density and blackness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Illumination intensity

If black pigment loading is increased to improve image blackness, then transfer efficiency decreases due to reduced charging, but image quality requires high pigment content

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblackness degreeVSAvoidtransfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The alkyl silane surface-treated silica acts as a mediator that preserves charging efficiency even at high black pigment concentrations. By incorporating 0.1-5.0 wt% of this specially treated silica, the toner maintains sufficient charge for efficient transfer while achieving the high blackness degree required for quality images.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If standard silica additives are used in high pigment loading toners, then charging performance deteriorates under high humidity conditions, but image quality must be maintained

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging stabilityVSAvoidhumidity sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The silica particles undergo surface treatment with alkyl silane, which fundamentally changes their surface chemical parameters and hydrophobicity. This parameter modification makes the silica resistant to humidity effects, allowing the toner to maintain stable charging performance under high humidity conditions while supporting high black pigment loading for image quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The OTS-treated silica toners exhibit improved charging and second transfer efficiency, maintaining or exceeding performance standards under both low and high humidity conditions, while reducing visual noise and mottle, thus enhancing image quality without affecting tone reproduction curves.

Implementation Method 1

improve charging to enable lower cost toners, as well as hyperpigmented toners... reduced dielectric loss, and thus, improve charging

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric loss reduction: Dielectric Permittivity

Data Source

PatentUS8673530B2Alkyl silane surface treated silica for toner
Publication Date: 2014.03.18 XEROX CORP

AI summary

The present disclosure describes toner compositions comprising an alkyl surface-treated silica, which toners exhibit improved tribo-charging, second transfer efficiency and IQ without impacting color.