3xxx Series Aluminum Alloy Crash Box Energy Absorption

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current vehicle bumper assemblies and crash boxes face challenges in maintaining consistent energy absorption and force transmission during collisions, with issues related to material stability over time, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness, particularly due to the limitations of alloys like 6xxx and 7xxx series aluminum alloys.

Innovation Solution

The use of 3xxx series aluminum alloys, such as 3003, 3004, and 3103, with added magnesium, which exhibit improved mechanical characteristics, stability, and weldability, allowing for efficient energy absorption and force transmission without the need for extensive heat treatment, thereby enhancing reproducibility and reducing costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If 6xxx or 7xxx series aluminum alloys are used for shock absorbers, then structural strength is improved, but thermal stability and mechanical characteristic consistency deteriorate over time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural strengthVSAvoidthermal stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material composition parameters by selecting 3xxx series aluminum alloys with specific magnesium content (0.05-1.5%) instead of conventional 6xxx or 7xxx series alloys. This parameter change achieves both adequate structural strength and superior thermal stability, as the 3xxx series alloys maintain consistent mechanical properties after exposure to high temperatures during vehicle operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If 6xxx or 7xxx series aluminum alloys are used for shock absorbers, then structural strength is improved, but reproducibility of mechanical characteristics deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural strengthVSAvoidreproducibility
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies precise compositional parameters for the 3xxx series aluminum alloy, particularly controlling magnesium content within 0.05-1.5%. This parameter control ensures reproducible mechanical characteristics across different production batches, as the controlled alloy composition leads to consistent deformation behavior and energy absorption properties in crash tests.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If extensive heat treatment is applied to 6xxx or 7xxx series aluminum alloys, then mechanical characteristics are improved, but manufacturing complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical characteristicsVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The 3xxx series aluminum alloys used in the patent exhibit adequate mechanical properties and thermal stability without requiring extensive heat treatment processes. The material's inherent characteristics allow it to perform adequately in shock absorber applications through simpler manufacturing processes, reducing both manufacturing complexity and associated costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Stability of the object's composition

If 3xxx series aluminum alloys with magnesium are used, then thermal stability and weldability are improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal stabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent controls the magnesium content within a specific range (0.05-1.5%) in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy to optimize both thermal stability and manufacturability. This parameter control ensures that the material maintains its properties while remaining amenable to standard manufacturing processes, balancing precision requirements with material performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The 3xxx series alloys provide superior mechanical properties, thermal stability, and spinnability, leading to improved crash behavior, reduced dispersion of mechanical characteristics, and enhanced weldability, resulting in more reliable and cost-effective vehicle body structure components.

Implementation Method 1

components intended to absorb energy irreversibly during a collision with an obstacle, or impact

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Implementation Method 2

the beam/absorber or beam/support system... which deforms by absorbing energy in a controlled manner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy absorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 3

to absorb the energy and transmit the force in a controlled manner... to the absorbers or to the supports

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForce transmission: Force

Implementation Method 4

a first approach consisted of optimizing the material and geometry of the beams... to deform elastically during slight shocks or collisions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP1984232B1Impact-energy-absorbing structural components made of a 3000 series aluminium alloy for the body of a motor vehicle
Publication Date: 2013.09.04 CONSTELLIUM EXTRUSIONS FRANCE
  • EP1984232B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1984232B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP1984232B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The subject of the invention is a structural component for the body of a motor vehicle, intended for irreversibly absorbing the energy involved in collisions between the vehicle and an obstacle, or in a crash, characterized in that it is produced from an extruded section made of an aluminium alloy of the 3xxx series according to the Aluminium Association nomenclature. The component may be a shock absorber, also called a deformation element or crash box, but also, non-limitingly, it may be a door sill member, a centre, front or rear pillar, a lateral door reinforcement, an anti-intrusion rail or a component of a bumper unit.