Allyl-Terminated Polyolefin Copolymers for Low-Temperature Viscosity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) copolymers and dispersants have high Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) viscosity and kinematic viscosity at low temperatures, making them unsuitable for harsh winter climates, and typically have low molecular weight and degree of oligomerization, which affects their performance in preventing viscosity increase and controlling sludge and varnish.
Innovation Solution
Copolymers are formed by reacting allyl-terminated polyolefins with unsaturated acidic reagents, such as maleic anhydride, using a free radical initiator, resulting in high molecular weight polyolefins with a high degree of oligomerization and high percentage of active components, maintaining low viscosity and effective dispersancy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional copolymerization is carried out at lower temperature, then the degree of oligomerization and molecular weight are increased, but the percent actives decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameter of the polyolefin reactant from conventional low molecular weight to high molecular weight (500-10,000), which fundamentally alters the copolymerization outcome to achieve both high degree of oligomerization and high percent actives simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite approach by combining high molecular weight polyolefin with unsaturated acidic reagent in a specific molecular weight range, resulting in a copolymer that integrates the benefits of both components to achieve dual optimization of oligomerization degree and active content
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional polyPIBSA is used, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the CCS viscosity and kinematic viscosity are too high at low temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameter of the polyolefin reactant to high molecular weight (500-10,000), which fundamentally alters the copolymer properties to achieve appropriate low-temperature viscosity while maintaining manufacturing feasibility
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting copolymers exhibit improved low-temperature performance, maintaining low CCS and kinematic viscosity, and effectively prevent viscosity increase and sludge formation, while maintaining high active content, suitable for diverse climate conditions.
Implementation Method 1
The copolymer can be formed by contacting the polyolefin with the unsaturated acidic reactant in the presence of a free radical initiator, such as a peroxide
Implementation Method 2
reacting the carbocation terminated polyolefin from step (a) with an allylsilane compound in the presence of a Lewis acid
Data Source
AI summary
Copolymers made with allyl-terminated polyolefins and unsaturated acidic reactants, dispersants using same, and methods of making same are provided. Under one aspect, a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reactant and high molecular weight polyolefin, wherein the polyolefin comprises an allyl-terminated polymeric product, is provided. The allyl-terminated polymeric product is formed, e.g., by forming a quasi-living tert-halide terminated polyolefin under suitable quasi-living conditions, and contacting the tert-halide terminated polyolefin with an allylsilane compound and a Lewis acid. In some embodiments, the allylsilane compound includes allyltrimethylsilane.