One-Step Synthesis of Alpha-Oxy Phosphorus Compounds
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for synthesizing compounds containing an α-oxy phosphorus group starting from α-oxy carboxylic acid groups are complex and involve multiple steps, with no direct conversion of α-oxy carboxylic acid to α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride reported, leading to low yields and purity issues.
Innovation Solution
A one-step method involving the reaction of a compound containing an α-oxy carboxylic acid group with a P-X component, such as PCl3, in a controlled ratio, followed by optional quenching with a agent to produce compounds with α-oxy phosphorus groups, including reactive P-Cl or P-Br bonds, while minimizing byproduct formation and ensuring high yield and purity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional multi-step methods are used to synthesize compounds containing an α-oxy phosphorus group from α-oxy carboxylic acid groups, then the synthesis can be achieved, but the process complexity increases and yields decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple conventional synthesis steps into a single direct conversion step. The process merges the conversion of α-oxy carboxylic acid to α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride in one reaction step, eliminating intermediate isolation and purification steps, thereby simplifying the overall process while maintaining high yields
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a continuous one-step synthesis process where the conversion from α-oxy carboxylic acid to α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride occurs continuously without interruption. The reaction proceeds directly from starting material to final product in a single operational sequence, maximizing productive action while minimizing non-productive time
2Manufacturing precision
If conventional methods are used to convert α-oxy carboxylic acid to α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride, then conversion can occur, but yields and purity are low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes reaction parameters including the use of specific reagents (oxalyl chloride or carbonyl diimidazole as coupling agents), controlled temperature ranges, and appropriate solvent systems to achieve high purity products. The direct conversion method uses optimized stoichiometry and reaction conditions to minimize byproduct formation and maximize product purity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs selective extraction and purification techniques to remove byproducts and impurities from the reaction mixture. The method isolates the desired α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride product with high purity by selectively separating it from reaction byproducts through controlled precipitation, extraction, or filtration processes
3Loss of time
If direct one-step conversion is implemented from α-oxy carboxylic acid to α-oxy phosphonic acid dichloride, then synthesis time is reduced, but new reaction pathways must be developed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses pre-activated coupling agents (oxalyl chloride or carbonyl diimidazole) that are prepared in advance to facilitate the direct conversion. These reagents are selected and optimized beforehand to enable the one-step transformation, reducing the need for complex in-situ generation of reactive intermediates during the main reaction
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method achieves high yields and purity of α-oxy phosphorus compounds with a broad variety of functional groups, primarily forming hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide as byproducts, which can be conveniently recovered, and operates with low levels of byproduct formation except for hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide.
Implementation Method 1
reacting a compound containing an α-oxy carboxylic acid group with a P-X component containing at least one P-X bond
Data Source
AI summary
A method for the manufacture of compounds containing an α- oxy phosphorus group is disclosed. A P-X component having at least one P-X bond, whereby the phosphorus of the P-X bond has the +3 oxidation state with X being C1 or Br, is reacted in a specific equivalent ratio with a compound containing an α-oxy carboxylic acid group, followed by conducting the reaction and optionally adding a quenching agent at the end of the reaction. The compounds containing an α-oxy phosphorus group formed are then recovered.