Alternating Lay Direction Elevator Wire for Fretting Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Elevator load bearing members, such as ropes and belts, deteriorate over time due to cyclic bending, making it crucial to monitor conditions like corrosion and wire breakage for safety, but existing methods struggle to effectively detect deterioration, especially fretting, which can be masked by line contact between wires.

Innovation Solution

A load bearing member with tension elements comprising multiple layers of wires arranged in alternating lay directions, surrounded by a jacket material, and equipped with an inspection device to monitor electrical resistance, promoting point contact and increased stress detection of deterioration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If wires are arranged in parallel layers with same lay direction, then manufacturing is simplified, but deterioration detection precision deteriorates due to line contact masking fretting

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewire arrangement simplicityVSAvoiddeterioration detection precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by arranging wires in alternating lay directions (e.g., first layer with lay direction +α, second layer with lay direction -α) rather than parallel identical arrangements. This asymmetric configuration causes wires to contact at discrete points rather than along lines, creating visible fretting marks that enable precise deterioration detection while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through systematic angular alternation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent inverts the conventional approach by using opposite lay directions instead of identical lay directions. This inversion transforms the contact pattern from continuous line contact (which masks deterioration) to discrete point contact (which reveals deterioration through fretting marks), thereby solving the detection precision problem while preserving structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Measurement precision

If alternating lay directions are used, then deterioration detection precision improves through point contact, but device complexity increases due to multi-layer wire arrangement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeterioration detection precisionVSAvoidwire arrangement complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different lay directions to different layers (first layer: +α, second layer: -α, third layer: +α, etc.). This localized differentiation creates point contact zones specifically at layer interfaces where deterioration occurs, enabling targeted detection without requiring complex overall restructuring. Each layer maintains its specific angular characteristic optimized for its detection function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the wire arrangement into multiple distinct layers with alternating lay directions. This segmentation isolates contact points to specific layer boundaries, creating discrete detection zones that simplify the analysis of deterioration patterns. The segmented structure allows systematic monitoring of each interface independently, reducing the complexity of overall system assessment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Reliability

If multiple layers with alternating lay directions are implemented, then fretting detection reliability improves, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefretting detection reliabilityVSAvoidlay direction control precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses parameter changes by defining specific angular relationships between layers (e.g., +α and -α relative to the axis). These parameter specifications provide clear manufacturing targets that balance detection reliability with manufacturability. The angular parameters are chosen to optimize point contact formation while remaining achievable with standard manufacturing tolerances, thereby resolving the conflict between reliability and manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The alternating lay direction configuration enhances the detection of fretting and deterioration by increasing contact stresses, allowing for more reliable monitoring and maintenance of load bearing members, ensuring safer elevator operation.

Implementation Method 1

The alternating lay direction configuration enhances the detection of fretting and deterioration by increasing contact stresses

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectContact stress: Stress Relaxation

Implementation Method 2

equipped with an inspection device to monitor electrical resistance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP4431431A1A tension element for use in a load bearing member of an elevator system
Publication Date: 2024.09.18 OTIS ELEVATOR CO
  • EP4431431A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4431431A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4431431A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A tension element for use in a load bearing member of an elevator system includes a first layer having a plurality of first wires and a second layer having a plurality of second wires. The second layer is positioned radially outward of and surrounds the first layer. The first layer has a first lay direction and the second layer has a second lay direction. The second lay direction is opposite the first lay direction.