Aluminized Silica Coagulant Toner with Aluminum Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current styrene acrylate emulsion aggregation toners face challenges in achieving excellent gloss and print quality while maintaining low aluminum content to prevent metal-induced crosslinking and quality hindrance.

Innovation Solution

The development of toner particles comprising a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer binder, colorants, waxes, and aluminized silica, with a controlled aluminum concentration of 50-600 ppm, utilizing a core-shell structure and a sequestering agent to extract aluminum ions, ensuring high gloss and print quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If aluminized silica is used as a coagulating agent during emulsion aggregation, then toner formation and aggregation are improved, but aluminum content increases causing metal-induced crosslinking and quality degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetoner formation and aggregationVSAvoidmetal-induced crosslinking and quality degradation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes aluminum ions from the toner particles using a sequestering agent (such as EDTA) after the emulsion aggregation process. This extraction step eliminates the harmful aluminum content while preserving the benefits of using aluminized silica as a coagulating agent during toner formation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a sequestering agent as an intermediary substance that binds to and removes aluminum ions from the toner particles. This mediator enables the separation of the coagulation function (performed by aluminized silica) from the harmful metal content (removed by sequestering agent).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If aluminum content is reduced to prevent crosslinking, then print quality is improved, but coagulation efficiency during emulsion aggregation may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprint qualityVSAvoidcoagulation efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs the coagulation action preliminarily using aluminized silica during the emulsion aggregation step to form toner particles with desired properties, then subsequently removes the aluminum content through sequestering agent treatment. This preliminary coagulation ensures efficient particle formation while the subsequent removal step guarantees high print quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves high gloss and improved print quality by controlling aluminum content and preventing crosslinking, resulting in toners with a gloss of at least 30 GGU on plain paper and 40 GGU on coated papers, while maintaining low aluminum levels.

Implementation Method 1

an aggregating agent or complexing agent is then added to form aggregated toner particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoagulation: Coagulation

Implementation Method 2

subjecting the toner to an extraction step after formation of the toner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExtraction: Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Implementation Method 3

The aggregated toner particles are optionally heated to enable coalescence/fusing, thereby achieving aggregated, fused toner particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Data Source

PatentUS7455943B2High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent
Publication Date: 2008.11.25 XEROX CORP

AI summary

The toner includes emulsion aggregation toner particles of a binder including a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least one wax, and aluminized silica, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particles is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm. Such toner is able to provide a high level of gloss while maintaining a low minimum fixing temperature. The aluminized silica acts as a coagulant during the emulsion aggregation formation process of the toner.