Additive Manufacturing Cooling Control for Thermal Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

In additive manufacturing (AM) processes, uncontrolled heating and cooling lead to inconsistent physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties in workpieces, causing distortion and affecting anisotropic properties.

Innovation Solution

A method and system for controlled cooling in AM, where thermal characteristics of the workpiece are monitored, and cooling parameters are adjusted to maintain thermal stability, preventing overheating and ensuring consistent properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If uncontrolled heating and cooling is applied during additive manufacturing, then the manufacturing process is simple and fast, but the workpiece exhibits inconsistent physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties and distortion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconsistency of physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical propertiesVSAvoidcooling control system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing spatially variable cooling rates across different regions of the workpiece. The system divides the workpiece into multiple zones and applies customized cooling profiles to each zone based on its specific thermal characteristics, material composition, and geometric features. This localized cooling approach ensures consistent material properties throughout the workpiece while avoiding the complexity of a fully centralized control system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic cooling control where cooling parameters are continuously adjusted during the additive manufacturing process. The system monitors temperature in real-time and dynamically modifies cooling rates, coolant flow, and cooling activation timing based on measured thermal conditions. This dynamic adaptation maintains property consistency without requiring overly complex pre-programmed control sequences.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Strength

If cooling is applied to reduce thermal residual stresses, then mechanical properties improve, but the cooling process becomes more complex and time-consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereduction of thermal residual stressesVSAvoidcooling process time
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by implementing cooling measures during the additive manufacturing process itself, rather than as a separate post-processing step. The system activates cooling zones and applies coolant flow while layers are being deposited, preventing thermal residual stresses from fully developing. This preliminary cooling action reduces overall processing time while maintaining strength improvements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements periodic cooling cycles where cooling is activated and deactivated in rhythmic patterns based on real-time temperature monitoring. The system applies cooling intermittently to specific zones rather than continuously, reducing total cooling time while still achieving sufficient stress reduction. This periodic approach balances mechanical property improvement with time efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Manufacturing precision

If heat treatment is applied to optimize microstructure, then material properties are improved, but the overall manufacturing time and process complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemicrostructure optimizationVSAvoidmanufacturing cycle time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the heat treatment function into the additive manufacturing process by integrating heating elements and thermal control systems directly with the deposition mechanism. The system combines layer deposition with in-situ heating and cooling cycles, eliminating the need for separate post-manufacturing heat treatment operations. This integration maintains microstructure optimization while significantly reducing total manufacturing cycle time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements continuous thermal control throughout the additive manufacturing process, maintaining optimal temperature ranges for microstructure development during entire deposition cycles. The system continuously adjusts heating and cooling to keep materials in desired thermal states, eliminating idle time between deposition and heat treatment. This continuous action maintains manufacturing precision while improving productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The controlled cooling method achieves reliable mechanical and dimensional properties, reduces distortion, and maintains consistent anisotropic properties in additively manufactured parts.

Implementation Method 1

applying the cooling flow with the adjusted cooling parameter to the portion of the workpiece

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

cooling parameters are adjusted to maintain thermal stability

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

determining a thermal characteristic of a portion of the workpiece during the additive manufacturing process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation detection: Thermography

Data Source

PatentEP4000765B1Additive manufacturing with adjusted cooling responsive to thermal characteristic of workpiece
Publication Date: 2025.05.07 THE BOEING CO
  • EP4000765B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4000765B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4000765B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for use in additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional workpiece is described. The method includes depositing material onto a substrate to form a shape of the workpiece in accordance with an additive manufacturing process; determining a thermal characteristic of at least a portion of the workpiece during the additive manufacturing process; determining that the thermal characteristic of at least the portion exceeds a threshold associated with the portion; adjusting a cooling parameter of a cooling flow to be applied to the workpiece responsive to determining that the thermal characteristic of at least the portion exceeds the threshold associated with the portion; and applying the cooling flow with the adjusted cooling parameter to at least the portion of the workpiece.