Additive Manufacturing Support Structures for Tall Objects

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing processes face challenges with objects having large height-to-width aspect ratios, as they are prone to damage from recoater arms due to lateral forces, which can cause tipping or bending, even when vertically supported.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of support structures that connect objects via horizontal and vertical supports built in layers, with a height-to-width aspect ratio threshold, to stabilize tall objects and prevent damage from recoater forces, and the use of various support types such as scaffolding, tie-down, break-away, and lateral supports to manage thermal and structural integrity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If objects with large height-to-width aspect ratios are fabricated using additive manufacturing, then complex geometries can be achieved, but the objects are prone to damage from recoater arms due to lateral forces causing tipping or bending

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplex geometriesVSAvoidobject stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The support structure is divided into multiple discrete support members arranged in a pattern around the object. Each support member independently provides stabilization, and collectively they form a distributed support system that prevents tipping and bending while allowing the object to achieve complex geometries with high aspect ratios

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The support members act as intermediary elements between the recoater arm and the object being fabricated. These supports absorb and distribute the lateral forces from the recoater arm, preventing direct transmission of damaging forces to the object while allowing the fabrication process to continue

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If support structures are added to stabilize tall objects, then object stability improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject stabilityVSAvoidsupport structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Support members are strategically placed only at critical locations where stabilization is needed, rather than providing uniform support throughout. The support pattern is optimized to provide maximum stability with minimum complexity, placing supports at corners and key structural points of the object being fabricated

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The support structure provides more stabilization than the absolute minimum required, using a pattern of support members that exceeds the theoretical minimum but maintains simplicity. This partial support approach is sufficient to prevent tipping and bending while avoiding the complexity of fully enclosing the object with supports

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The described support structures effectively stabilize objects with high aspect ratios, preventing damage from recoater forces and ensuring successful layer-by-layer fabrication, while allowing for easy removal and post-processing, suitable for complex geometries like aircraft parts.

Implementation Method 1

an energy beam, for example, an electron beam or electromagnetic radiation such as a laser beam, to sinter or melt a powder material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Implementation Method 2

sintering entails fusing (agglomerating) particles of a powder at a temperature below the melting point of the powder material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser sintering: Selective Laser Sintering

Implementation Method 3

melting entails fully melting particles of a powder to form a solid homogeneous mass

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser melting: Melting

Implementation Method 4

objects having large height-to-width aspect ratios, as they are prone to damage from recoater arms due to lateral forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical force: Mechanical Force

Data Source

PatentEP3205424B1Method and connecting supports for additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2023.01.04 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3205424B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3205424B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3205424B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present disclosure generally relates to methods for additive manufacturing (AM) that utilize connecting support structures (230, 240) in the process of building objects (210), as well as novel connecting support structures (230, 240) to be used within these AM processes. The connecting support structures include two fused connections to the object (210) and an axial direction between the fused connections, a perimeter of fused material about the axial direction, and unfused powder or air completely surrounding the perimeter of fused material.