Carboxylic Acid Amide Solvent Hard Water Solubility
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Solution Overview
Problem
Carboxylic acid amides exhibit poor solubility in hard water due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, limiting their use in applications requiring solubility in tap water with high water hardness.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers with fatty acids or their salts as emulsifiers improves the solubility of carboxylic acid amides in hard water, maintaining their solvent power and biodegradability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If carboxylic acid amides are used as solvents, then solubilization power and eco-toxicological behaviour are improved, but solubility in hard water deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces emulsifiers and dispersants as intermediary substances that mediate between the carboxylic acid amides and hard water. These additives form complexes with calcium and magnesium ions, preventing them from interfering with the amide solubility, thereby enabling the amides to maintain their solubilization power in hard water conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite solvent system by combining carboxylic acid amides with emulsifiers and dispersants. This composite formulation leverages the complementary properties of each component: the amides provide solubilization power, while the additives improve compatibility with hard water, achieving both high solubility and maintained functionality
2Object-affected harmful factors
If emulsifiers or dispersants are added to improve hard-water solubility, then solubility in hard water is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the concentration parameters of the emulsifiers and dispersants within specific ranges (0.1-10% and 0.01-5% by weight, respectively). By controlling these parameters, the formulation achieves improved hard-water solubility while minimizing the added complexity and cost associated with multiple additives
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves stable and clear emulsions in water with up to 500 ppm alkaline earth metal ions, enhancing the environmental friendliness and applicability of carboxylic acid amides in agricultural and industrial uses.
Implementation Method 1
The present invention refers to solvent composition, comprising (a) Carboxylic acid amides (b) Fatty acids or their salts, and (c) Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers
Implementation Method 2
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for improving the solubility or dispersability of carboxylic acid amides in water comprising up to 500 ppm alkaline earth metal cations by using a blend comprising fatty acids or their salts and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers as emulsifiers
Data Source
AI summary
Suggested are solvent compositions, comprising (a) Carboxylic acid dialkyl amides (b) Fatty acids or their salts, and (c) Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.