Amine Ester Ashless Anti-Wear Additive for Lubricants
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for an ashless anti-wear additive suitable for use in non-aqueous lubricating compositions and fuel compositions that does not contain metallic components, as existing additives may contribute to exhaust emissions and wear issues in internal combustion engines.
Innovation Solution
The use of secondary or tertiary amine esters, represented by a specific structural formula, as ashless anti-wear additives in non-aqueous lubricating compositions and fuel compositions, at concentrations ranging from 0.02% to 5% by weight or up to 500 ppm, respectively, to provide anti-wear benefits without metallic components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If phosphorus and zinc-containing anti-wear additives are used, then anti-wear properties are improved, but exhaust emissions increase and environmental sustainability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes metallic components (phosphorus and zinc) from the anti-wear additive formulation, extracting the harmful elements while retaining the essential anti-wear function through alternative organic chemistry mechanisms
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using nitrogen-containing organic compounds instead of traditional phosphorus and zinc additives, fundamentally altering the chemical nature of the anti-wear agent to eliminate harmful emissions
2Reliability
If metallic anti-wear additives are used, then wear protection is improved, but the additive is no longer ashless and contributes to emissions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts all metallic components from the additive formulation, creating a completely non-metallic anti-wear agent that leaves no ash residue during combustion while maintaining protective functions
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses organic compounds that are consumed without forming persistent metallic ash residues, allowing the additive to be replaced rather than accumulated in the engine system
Data Source
AI summary
The use as an ashless anti-wear additive in a non-aqueous lubricating composition and/or in a fuel composition, of at least one compound represented by the structural formula (I):wherein R4 represents H or a C1 to C9 hydrocarbyl group or formula (II) x, y and z are independently integers in the range 1 to 6; and R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent H or a C1 to C10 hydrocarbyl group. Also, a non-aqueous lubricating composition and a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine which comprise at least one of said compounds represented by structural formula (I).