Amino Acid Intermediate Layer for Paint Adhesion

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge lies in achieving effective paint adhesion on sensitive plastic and carbon substrates without causing damage, as conventional pretreatment methods can be harsh and complex, especially for materials with low temperature resistance and high elasticity.

Innovation Solution

A composite is created with a plastic or carbon substrate and a lacquer, featuring an amino acid-containing intermediate layer of 1-10 nm thickness, including copper, which is activated using laccase to improve wettability and adhesion, using a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional pretreatment methods (thermal processes, mechanical grinding, chemical treatments) are used on plastic substrates, then surface adhesion properties are improved, but the substrate surface is damaged or deformed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesion strengthVSAvoidsurface damage
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediate layer comprising copper ions and amino acids that acts as a mediator between the plastic substrate and the paint coating. This intermediate layer is formed through enzymatic oxidation by laccase, creating a stable complex that improves paint adhesion without requiring harsh thermal, mechanical, or chemical pretreatment that would damage the plastic substrate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the substrate surface by forming a complex of copper ions with amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine) through enzymatic oxidation. This parameter change creates a surface with improved adhesion properties while avoiding physical or thermal damage to the substrate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If harsh pretreatment methods are used to improve paint adhesion, then adhesion quality is improved, but the process complexity and equipment requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesion qualityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical and chemical pretreatment systems with a biochemical system using laccase enzyme. Instead of requiring thermal processes, mechanical grinding equipment, or complex chemical baths, the invention uses an enzymatic reaction that occurs under mild conditions, simplifying the overall process while achieving superior adhesion quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The laccase enzyme naturally catalyzes the oxidation of amino acids on the plastic substrate surface, creating the copper-amino acid complex that improves adhesion. This self-service mechanism eliminates the need for complex external pretreatment equipment and processes, as the enzyme performs the surface modification function inherently.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Strength

If thermal pretreatment processes are used on plastics, then surface activation is achieved, but temperature-resistant substrates are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface activationVSAvoidsubstrate compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the approach from thermal activation to biochemical activation. By using laccase enzyme to catalyze the formation of copper-amino acid complexes on the substrate surface, the method achieves surface activation without thermal input, making it compatible with all plastic substrates regardless of their temperature resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes thermal processes with a biochemical enzymatic process. The laccase enzyme performs the surface activation function that traditionally required heat, thereby expanding substrate compatibility to include all heat-sensitive plastics while maintaining effective surface activation for paint adhesion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly enhances the adhesive force between the substrate and paint by at least 20%, providing a durable and stable bond while being gentle on the substrate surface, with the amino acid layer forming a permanent, monolayer structure that is neither completely soluble in water nor detergents.

Implementation Method 1

the enzyme laccase can be used to activate polymer surfaces in aqueous media

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnzyme catalysis: Enzyme

Implementation Method 2

an oxidoreductase is used

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

an amino acid-containing intermediate layer... comprising copper

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectComplex formation: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 4

improve the adhesion between a coating and a plastic substrate or a carbon substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdhesion: Adhesive

Data Source

PatentEP3009469B1Composite with improved paint adhesion and method for producing the same
Publication Date: 2021.08.25 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3009469B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a composite comprising a plastic substrate or a carbon substrate and a varnish, wherein an amino acid-containing intermediate layer is arranged between the plastic substrate and the varnish.