Amino Resin Microcapsule Shell for Dry Storage Biocide Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Microcapsules formed by existing methods lose their ability to release core materials, particularly water-insoluble biocides like 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), when stored in a dry state, especially when exposed to seawater.
Innovation Solution
The development of microcapsules with an outer shell composed of a reaction product of monomer polyamines, aldehydes, and compounds such as diamines, diols, and amino-alcohols, which maintains the ability to release the core material even after storage in the dry state.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If microcapsules are made by conventional methods with amino resin shells, then the microcapsules can be formed and stored in dry state, but their ability to release core material is diminished or eliminated after dry storage
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the shell by incorporating specific additives (carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, or sulfur compounds) into the amino resin matrix. This compositional modification allows the shell to maintain its structural integrity during dry storage while preserving the ability to release core material when exposed to seawater, thus resolving the contradiction between storage stability and release ability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite shell material by combining amino resin with specific additive compounds (carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, or sulfur compounds). This composite structure provides both the structural stability needed for dry storage and the controlled release capability when exposed to marine environments, simultaneously achieving both reliability and storage stability.
2Ease of manufacture
If the shell is made with standard amino resin, then the microcapsules can be manufactured easily, but the release of core material into seawater is diminished after dry storage
Solution Approach 1:
The invention modifies the shell composition by adding small amounts of specific compounds (carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, or sulfur compounds) to the standard amino resin formulation. This parameter change maintains the ease of manufacturing through conventional processes while significantly improving the seawater release performance after dry storage by modifying the shell's chemical properties.
3Adaptability or versatility
If microcapsules are stored in dry state for extended periods, then they can be transported and stored conveniently, but their ability to release biocide into seawater is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the shell material by incorporating carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, or sulfur compounds into the amino resin matrix. This modification enables the microcapsules to withstand extended dry storage conditions while maintaining their biocide release functionality when deployed in seawater, thus achieving both storage convenience and functional durability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The microcapsules effectively retain and release the water-insoluble biocide DCOIT, maintaining its antifouling properties in marine environments, as demonstrated by improved seawater release rates and stability.
Implementation Method 1
The second coating step involves forming a polycondensate of an amino resin prepolymer
Implementation Method 2
when the coated substrate is submerged in water, the water-insoluble compound will be gradually released into the water
Data Source
AI summary
A composition is provided, comprising microcapsules, wherein said microcapsules comprise a core and an outer shell, wherein said core comprises one or more water-insoluble compound having melting point above 15C, and wherein said outer shell comprises one or more amino resin that is a reaction product of reactants comprising (a) one or more monomer polyamine, (b) one or more aldehyde, and (c) one or more compound (c) selected from the group consisting of additive diamines, additive diols, additive amino-alcohols, and mixtures thereof.