Ammonia Combustion System with Cracker Gas Feedback Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Combustion abnormalities such as increased NOx, ammonia in exhaust gas, backfire, and combustion oscillation can occur in combustion systems using ammonia as fuel.
Innovation Solution
A combustion system with an ammonia supply source, a cracker to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, a combustor to combust ammonia and hydrogen-rich gas, sensors to detect abnormalities, and a controller to adjust gas flow based on sensor feedback, stabilizing combustion and preventing abnormalities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If ammonia is used as fuel in the combustor, then CO2 emissions are reduced, but combustion abnormalities such as increased NOx, ammonia in exhaust gas, backfire, and combustion oscillation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a cracker as an intermediary device that decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen before combustion. The hydrogen-rich gas from the cracker serves as a mediator that stabilizes the combustion process, preventing combustion abnormalities while maintaining the CO2-reduction benefit of ammonia fuel usage
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the fuel by decomposing ammonia (NH3) into hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) in the cracker. This parameter change transforms the fuel characteristics, enabling stable combustion and preventing issues like backfire and combustion oscillation while maintaining low CO2 emissions
2Object-generated harmful factors
If a second combustion chamber is added to remove NOx from exhaust gas, then NOx emissions are reduced, but device complexity and system size increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by decomposing ammonia in the cracker before it enters the combustor. This pre-treatment converts ammonia into hydrogen-rich gas, which burns more cleanly and produces less NOx, eliminating the need for additional NOx removal combustion chambers
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the harmful ammonia component from the fuel stream before combustion by using the cracker to decompose it. The ammonia is separated and converted into hydrogen and nitrogen, removing the source of NOx formation and simplifying the overall system structure
3Stability of the object's composition
If the amount of hydrogen-rich gas from the cracker to the combustor is increased, then combustion stability is improved, but system complexity increases due to additional control mechanisms
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback control where sensors detect combustion state parameters and the controller adjusts the cracker output and burner operations accordingly. This closed-loop feedback system maintains stable combustion while automating the control process, reducing the burden on operators and simplifying system management
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Prevents combustion abnormalities by controlling the flow of hydrogen-rich gas and burner operations, reducing NOx and ammonia emissions, and stabilizing combustion, allowing for a downsized system without additional NOx removal combustors.
Implementation Method 1
a cracker that is connected to the ammonia supply source and that decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen
Implementation Method 2
a combustor that is connected to the ammonia supply source and the cracker and that combusts ammonia from the ammonia supply source and gas including hydrogen from the cracker
Data Source
AI summary
The combustion system includes an ammonia supply source, a cracker that is connected to the ammonia supply source and that decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, a combustor that is connected to the ammonia supply source and the cracker and that combusts ammonia from the ammonia supply source and gas including hydrogen from the cracker, a sensor that detects a combustion abnormality in the combustor, and a controller that is communicatively connected to the sensor and that adjusts an amount of gas from the cracker to the combustor based on a detection result of the sensor.