Ammonia Desulphurization Tower with Segmented Zones
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current ammonia desulphurization processes face challenges in achieving both high oxidation and absorption efficiency, with existing solutions either focusing on one aspect or being difficult to implement industrially, leading to issues like ammonia escape, equipment corrosion, and reduced desulphurization effectiveness.
Innovation Solution
An ammonia desulphurization and oxidation apparatus is designed with a desulphurization tower divided into an ammonia distribution zone, an absorption zone, and an oxidation zone, utilizing multiple gas-liquid distribution plates and a fluid stirrer to optimize gas-liquid and liquid-liquid mass transfer, and controlling pH values in each zone to enhance neutralization, absorption, and oxidation efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If multiple layers of packing assemblies and liquid distributed rings are used to increase gas-liquid contact surface area, then oxidation rate is improved, but the packing structure is easily blocked due to saturation and precipitation of ammonium sulfate
Solution Approach 1:
The desulphurization tower is divided into three distinct zones (ammonia distribution zone, absorption zone, oxidation zone) separated by gas-liquid distribution plates. This segmentation allows each zone to perform its specific function optimally without interference, preventing blockage while maintaining high oxidation rates through dedicated oxidation zone design with air distributors and fluid stirrer
Solution Approach 2:
The oxidation function is extracted and separated from the absorption process. The oxidation zone is positioned at the bottom of the tower with independent air distribution systems and fluid stirring mechanisms, allowing oxidation to occur in a dedicated space rather than competing with absorption processes in the same structure, thereby preventing blockage issues
2Productivity
If oxidation zone is separated from circulation absorption zone, then oxidation efficiency is improved, but industrial implementation becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The absorption and oxidation zones are merged into a single integrated desulphurization tower structure. The tower contains both zones with appropriate separation plates, allowing the system to achieve high oxidation efficiency while maintaining a compact, industrially implementable design that combines multiple functions in one apparatus rather than requiring separate independent systems
3Productivity
If flue gas directly enters pre-washing tower, then desulphurization efficiency is improved, but manufacturing process requirements increase and service life decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary oxidation of ammonium sulfite to ammonium sulfate in the oxidation zone before the slurry is discharged for concentration. This preliminary action prevents the formation of corrosive unoxidized sulfite compounds that would otherwise attack the pre-washing tower and chimney, extending their service life while maintaining high desulphurization efficiency
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves desulphurization efficiency of greater than 99.5% and oxidation efficiency of greater than 99%, optimizing both processes while preventing ammonia escape and equipment corrosion, and ensuring thorough mixing and oxidation.
Implementation Method 1
optimize gas-liquid and liquid-liquid mass transfer
Implementation Method 2
a fluid stirrer for increasing gas-liquid contact
Implementation Method 3
wet desulphurization is mainly employed for the removal of SO2 in a flue gas
Implementation Method 4
NH3 (ammonia desulphurization)
Implementation Method 5
ammonium sulfite will be decomposed in an ammonium sulfate concentration operation to release ammonia and acid gases
Data Source
AI summary
An efficient ammonia desulphurization and oxidation apparatus includes a desulphurization tower, where spray layers in multiple stages and a tower reactor are sequentially arranged in the desulphurization tower; a first gas-liquid distribution plate, a second gas-liquid distribution plate, and a third gas-liquid distribution plate are sequentially arranged in the tower reactor; an ammonia distribution zone is formed between the first and second gas-liquid distribution plates, and an ammonia water distributor is further arranged between the first gas-liquid distribution plate and the second gas-liquid distribution plate in the ammonia distribution zone; an absorption zone is formed between the second and third gas-liquid distribution plates; an oxidation zone is formed between the third gas-liquid distribution plate and a bottom of the tower; in the oxidation zone, oxidizing air distributors in multiple stages are arranged at a lower side of the third gas-liquid plate.