Ammonia Gas Generation Device for Ion Mobility Spectrometer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ammonia gas generation methods for ion mobility spectrometry systems require pressurized liquid anhydrous ammonia, limiting transportation options and causing interference due to water vapor production, and lack visual inspection capabilities for remaining ammonia levels.

Innovation Solution

A gas permeable, translucent tube containing an ammonia compound like ammonium carbamate that decomposes into ammonia gas without water vapor, allowing visual inspection of remaining lifetime and emission into the IMS system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If pressurized liquid anhydrous ammonia is used to generate ammonia gas, then ammonia gas can be generated for IMS systems, but transportation options are limited and water vapor interference occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveammonia gas generationVSAvoidtransportation options
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical state of ammonia from liquid (requiring pressurization) to solid ammonium carbamate compound that decomposes to release ammonia gas. This parameter change eliminates the need for pressurized containers and expands transportation options while maintaining effective ammonia gas generation for IMS systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the phase transition and decomposition of ammonium carbamate solid into ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas. This phase transition provides a controlled source of ammonia gas without requiring liquid ammonia pressurization, thereby resolving the transportation limitation while maintaining adequate ammonia supply.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Quantity of substance

If pressurized liquid anhydrous ammonia is used to generate ammonia gas, then ammonia gas can be generated, but water vapor is produced which interferes with IMS analysis

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveammonia gas generationVSAvoidwater vapor interference
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition from liquid anhydrous ammonia (which produces water vapor upon evaporation) to solid ammonium carbamate compound. The decomposition reaction of ammonium carbamate produces only ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas, eliminating water vapor generation and the associated interference with IMS spectral analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If gas permeation devices with metal tubes are used, then ammonia gas can be emitted at consistent rate, but visual inspection of remaining ammonia level is not possible

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveammonia emission consistencyVSAvoidremaining ammonia level inspection
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a translucent or transparent tube instead of opaque metal tubing to contain the ammonium carbamate compound. This allows visual inspection of the compound remaining in the tube, providing a simple method to assess device lifetime and ammonia generation status while maintaining consistent emission rates through the permeable tube walls.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

4Productivity

If Teflon permeation tubes containing liquid anhydrous ammonia are used, then ammonia gas can be emitted at constant rate, but pressurization is required which limits transportation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveammonia emission rateVSAvoidtransportation options
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical state of the ammonia source from liquid anhydrous ammonia (requiring pressurization) to solid ammonium carbamate compound. This parameter change eliminates the need for pressurized containers while maintaining controlled ammonia gas emission through the permeable Teflon tube, thereby expanding transportation options.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient, dry ammonia gas generation for improved contraband detection in IMS systems without the need for pressurization, reducing transportation constraints and water vapor interference.

Implementation Method 1

activate the ammonia generating compound such that the ammonia generating compound decomposes into an ammonia gas that does not include water vapour

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDecomposition: Decomposition (biological)

Implementation Method 2

a gas permeable, translucent tube... emit the ammonia gas into the ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPermeation: Permeation

Implementation Method 3

Gas permeation devices emit ammonia gas at a consistent rate through a gas-permeable surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP2075578B1Apparatus for generating ammonia gas for use in an ion mobility spectrometer
Publication Date: 2016.05.18 MORPHO DETECTION LLC
  • EP2075578B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2075578B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2075578B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An ammonia gas generation device (200, 300) for use in an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) system (100) is provided. The ammonia gas generation device includes a gas permeable tube (202, 302) containing an ammonia compound (212, 312), the ammonia gas generation device sized to be inserted (402) into a space within the IMS system. The ammonia gas generation device is configured to activate (404) the ammonia compound to decompose into an ammonia gas that does not include water vapor and emit (406) the ammonia gas into the IMS system.