Ammonium Bromide Production via Gaseous Ammonia
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for producing ammonium bromide are low-productive, energy-intensive, and do not yield high-quality products due to impurity issues and inefficient bromine extraction.
Innovation Solution
A two-stage process involving oxidation of bromide ions with gaseous chlorine, followed by absorption and reduction using a cooled ammonium bromide solution, which minimizes chlorine impurities and enhances bromine extraction efficiency, utilizing a bromide-containing polycomponent hydromineral feedstock and ammonia as a reducing agent.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional methods are used to produce ammonium bromide by reacting oxides, hydrates of oxides and carbonates with bromine, then the product can be obtained, but the process is low-productive and energy-intensive
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical state of the reducing agent from solid (ammonium salts, urea, cyanamide) to gaseous form (ammonia gas). This parameter change enables continuous gas-phase reaction with bromine, dramatically increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption compared to conventional solid-liquid or liquid-liquid reactions that require heating and filtration
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs pneumatic principles by using gaseous ammonia that can be easily dosed and mixed with bromine vapor. The gas-phase reaction allows for efficient mass transfer and continuous processing, eliminating the need for energy-intensive heating, stirring, and filtration operations required in conventional methods
2Manufacturing precision
If conventional methods are used to produce ammonium bromide, then the product can be obtained, but the quality is not high due to impurity issues
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the harmful filtration and evaporation stages that concentrate impurities. By using gaseous ammonia that reacts directly with bromine vapor to form ammonium bromide crystals, the process naturally separates pure product from impurities, which remain in the liquid phase and are easily removed without energy-intensive evaporation
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes phase transitions of ammonia (gas phase) and ammonium bromide (crystalline product) to achieve pure product formation. The gaseous ammonia reacts with bromine vapor to directly deposit pure ammonium bromide crystals, while impurities remain dissolved in the liquid phase, enabling simple separation without additional purification steps
3Manufacturing precision
If bromine is absorbed with excess urea in alkaline solution, then ammonium bromide can be produced, but carbonates are formed reducing product quality
Solution Approach 1:
The invention inverts the conventional approach by using gaseous ammonia instead of aqueous ammonia or urea solutions. This inversion prevents carbonate formation because the gas-phase ammonia reacts directly with bromine vapor before any hydrolysis or carbonate formation can occur, eliminating the harmful side reaction entirely
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates an inert gas-phase environment for the reaction between ammonia and bromine. By conducting the reaction in the gas phase rather than aqueous solution, the process prevents contact with water that would lead to carbonate formation, maintaining high product purity without additional purification steps
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This process achieves high-purity crystalline ammonium bromide production with a high degree of bromine extraction, reducing energy consumption and increasing economic efficiency by minimizing chlorine impurities and optimizing bromine recovery.
Implementation Method 1
oxidation of bromide ions to elementary bromine with gaseous chlorine
Implementation Method 2
oxidation of bromide ions to elementary bromine with gaseous chlorine
Implementation Method 3
absorption of elementary bromine from a bromine-air mixture is performed in a column-type mass transfer apparatus with a multidirectional screw nozzle operating in a countercurrent mode; a cooled ammonium bromide solution with a concentration of 400 g/dm3 is used as an absorbent
Implementation Method 4
the reduction of absorbed elementary bromine in the form of complex bromide (NH4 [Br2] Br) to bromide ions is performed in the reactor
Implementation Method 5
evaporation is performed to a concentration of ammonium bromide of 50% in vacuum evaporators with water vapor recompression
Implementation Method 6
evaporation is performed to a concentration of ammonium bromide of 50% in vacuum evaporators with water vapor recompression
Implementation Method 7
evaporation is performed in evaporators equipped with steam jackets and anchor-type mixers
Implementation Method 8
the resulting pulp is cooled to 60-62° C. and subjected to centrifugation to separate crystalline ammonium bromide from the mother liquor
Implementation Method 9
the separated crystals are dried in a screw dryer
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to chemical technology pertaining to mineral salts and can be used in the chemical industry. A process for producing ammonium bromide from a bromide-containing polycomponent hydromineral feedstock includes: two-stage oxidation of bromide ions using gaseous chlorine during acidification of a brine; air desorption of elementary bromide; absorption of same using a cooled solution of ammonium bromide; and reduction using an ammonia solution. The resulting concentrate of ammonium bromide is evaporated until crystals are formed. The ammonium bromide crystals are dried and the mother liquor is used to produce a solution of ammonium bromide as a commercial product.