Ammonium Polyphosphate Composition for Water-Soluble Textile Flame Retardancy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ammonium polyphosphate solutions for fireproofing textiles are not water-soluble and acidic, causing damage to fibers, leading to poor wearing properties and instability, especially when used for high-temperature applications.
Innovation Solution
Producing ammonium polyphosphate solutions by neutralizing polyphosphoric acid with ammonia at low temperatures to achieve a high concentration of phosphate fractions with a degree of condensation between 4 to 50, resulting in stable, water-soluble solutions suitable for textile impregnation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional ammonium polyphosphate solutions are used for fireproofing textiles, then fire retardant effect is achieved, but water solubility is poor and textile fibers are damaged
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the degree of condensation parameter of phosphate fractions from conventional P1-P3 (low condensation) to P4-P50 (high condensation). This parameter change transforms the chemical structure to achieve both water solubility and fire retardancy without fiber damage. The specific parameter change is controlling the condensation degree to be between 4-50, which resolves the contradiction between fire effectiveness and material compatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of using low-condensation phosphate fractions (P1-P3) that are conventionally employed, the patent inverts the approach by using high-condensation fractions (P4-P50). This inversion counterintuitively achieves better water solubility and reduced fiber damage while maintaining fire retardant properties, directly resolving the technical contradiction.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If highly condensed phosphate fractions (P4-P50) are used, then water solubility and stability improve, but fire retardant effectiveness may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by using a specific range of condensation degrees (P4-P50) rather than complete polymerization. This partial condensation level is optimal - high enough to ensure water solubility and stability, but not so high as to reduce fire retardant effectiveness. The boundary condition of n=4-50 resolves the contradiction by finding the optimal intermediate state.
3Productivity
If neutralization is performed at high temperatures and pressures, then reaction efficiency improves, but solution stability decreases and de-polymerization occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming polyphosphoric acid with the desired high condensation degree (P4-P50) before neutralization. This preliminary preparation allows subsequent neutralization to be performed at low temperatures and pressures, preventing de-polymerization and maintaining solution stability while still achieving efficient reaction. The condensation is accomplished before the neutralization step, resolving the temperature-stability contradiction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solutions provide effective fireproofing for both natural and synthetic fibers with minimal impact on textile softness and workability, maintaining good wearing properties and processability.
Implementation Method 1
Producing ammonium polyphosphate solutions by neutralizing polyphosphoric acid with ammonia at low temperatures
Implementation Method 2
The nitrogen has a flame-retardant effect by keeping oxygen away, while the water cools the environment
Implementation Method 3
Intumescent paints containing powdered ammonium polyphosphate work primarily by forming a heat-insulating foam
Data Source
AI summary
Preparation of an aqueous ammonium polyphosphate solution, comprises mixing polyphosphoric acid compound (I) with phosphate ion distribution of P1 to P3 of up to 20 wt.%, and P4 to P50 of 70-90 wt.%, with 10-30 wt.% of aqueous ammonia solution and/or with ammonia gas at a maximum of 60[deg] C and a pH of 6.5-7.5, and cooling the resulting solution at room temperature to obtain a clear ammonium polyphosphate solution with a solid content of up to 50 wt.%, a pH of 6.5-7.5, a density of 1.1-1.3 g/ml and P4 to P50 portion of 60-90 wt.%. Preparation of an aqueous ammonium polyphosphate solution, comprises mixing polyphosphoric acid compound of formula ((H 3PO 3) n) (I) and phosphate ion distribution of P1 to P3 of up to 20 wt.%, and P4 to P50 of 70-90 wt.% with 10-30 wt.% of aqueous ammonia solution and/or with ammonia gas at maximum of 60[deg] C and at a pH of 6.5-7.5, and cooling the resulting solution at room temperature to obtain a clear ammonium polyphosphate solution of the formula ((NH 4PO 3) n) (II) with a solid content of up to 50 wt.%, a pH of 6.5-7.5, a density of 1.1-1.3 g/ml and P4 to P50 portion of 60-90 wt.%. n : 1-50. An independent claim is included for the ammonium polyphosphate solution, obtained by the above process.