Ammunition Base Wad Diaphragm Flame Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ammunition ignition systems do not consistently achieve optimal ignition dynamics, leading to suboptimal ballistic performance due to incomplete deflection of the triggering flame jet, resulting in insufficient pressure and energy transfer to the bullet.
Innovation Solution
A base wad with diaphragm portions that break upon detonation, creating openings to control the intensity and width of the triggering flame, optimizing ignition dynamics by varying the thickness of these portions from 0.25 to 1 mm, made preferably of polyethylene, to enhance the combustion process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a metal bush with a bridge is used to deflect the triggering flame jet, then the ignition dynamics is improved, but the opening of the bush allows excess flame to pass through, limiting the effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The base wad is divided into multiple portions (first portion, second portion, third portion) with different thicknesses. Each portion serves a specific function: the thinner portions break to create openings for controlled flame passage, while the thicker portion maintains structural integrity. This segmentation allows precise control over flame deflection and passage.
Solution Approach 2:
Different portions of the base wad have different thicknesses (0.25-1mm for breakable portions, greater than 1mm for the retaining portion) to perform different functions. The local variation in thickness creates zones of different mechanical properties, enabling some areas to break while others remain intact, thus controlling flame dynamics locally.
2Reliability
If the thickness of the wall portions is reduced to control flame intensity, then the ignition dynamics is optimized, but the structural strength of the base wad is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The base wad is segmented into portions with different thicknesses. The first and second portions have reduced thickness (0.25-1mm) optimized for breaking and flame control, while the third portion maintains greater thickness for structural support. This segmentation resolves the contradiction between strength and flame control.
Solution Approach 2:
The base wad exhibits local quality variation through different thickness zones. Thinner regions (0.25-1mm) are positioned where flame interaction is needed, while thicker regions (>1mm) are positioned where structural integrity is critical. This local differentiation optimizes both flame control and strength.
3Reliability
If the triggering flame jet is completely blocked, then safety is improved, but the propellant ignition is insufficient, reducing ballistic performance
Solution Approach 1:
The base wad is designed to break partially rather than completely. The thinner portions break to allow controlled flame passage, while the thicker portion remains intact to maintain safety containment. This partial action optimizes both safety and ballistic performance by balancing flame deflection with flame containment.
Solution Approach 2:
The base wad structure changes its physical state from intact to partially broken upon detonation. The parameter change in thickness (from 0.25-1mm to greater than 1mm) determines which portions break and which remain, dynamically adjusting the flame passage characteristics to optimize both safety and performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution improves ballistic performance by increasing the intensity of the triggering flame, reducing peak pressure, and enhancing the kinetic energy of the bullet, achieving a 20% greater muzzle speed and 45% greater kinetic energy compared to prior art.
Implementation Method 1
The impact of the striker of the weapon on the primer cartridge induces the detonation of the triggering mixture contained therein
Implementation Method 2
ignition of all the available propellant, thus quickly developing a large amount of gas at a very high temperature
Implementation Method 3
said one or more portions adapted to break at the detonation of the primer cartridge
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3~4
AI summary
Ammunition (100, 100') for light firearms, the ammunition (100, 100') defining a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising: - a tubular casing (1, 1') containing gunpowder (2), provided with a base (3, 3') which delimits a hole (31, 31'); - a primer cartridge (4) which closes said hole (31, 31'); - at least one bullet (5) at least partially arranged in the casing (1, 1'); - a body (6), or base wad, made of polymeric material, defining a cavity (60'), arranged in the casing (1, 1'); wherein said body (6) comprises: a first part (61) having an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'); and a second part (62), spaced apart from the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'), formed by a side wall (621) which extends from said first part (61), and by an upper wall (622), spaced apart from said first part (61), transverse to said side wall (621); characterized in that said side wall (621) is completely closed and comprises one or more portions (71, 72) adapted to break at the detonation of the primer cartridge (4, 4') so as to create a passageway (71a, 71b) at each of said one or more portions (71, 72); each portion (71, 72) of said one or more portions (71, 72) having a thickness, orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (X), which is less than the remaining part (7) of said side wall (621).