Optical Amplifier Fibre Mode Instability Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-power laser radiation through optical waveguides experiences mode instability due to thermo-optical effects, leading to energy transfer from the fundamental mode to higher-order modes, causing beam quality issues and instability at high power levels.

Innovation Solution

A relative spatial phase shift is set between the mode interference pattern and the thermally induced diffraction grating to prevent mode instability, achieved by coupling laser radiation into the optical waveguide in burst mode or by adjusting the speed of the modal interference pattern to maintain a constant phase shift, ensuring energy transfer only occurs in one direction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If laser radiation is transmitted through optical waveguide at high power, then power output is improved, but mode instability occurs due to thermo-optical effects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidmode stability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies periodic action by coupling laser radiation into the optical waveguide in burst mode rather than continuous mode. The radiation is transmitted in periodic bursts with specific duty cycles and repetition rates, which allows the waveguide to cool between bursts and prevents the accumulation of thermal effects that cause mode instability. This periodic operation enables high peak power transmission while maintaining mode stability through controlled thermal management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs parameter changes by adjusting multiple operational parameters including burst duration, repetition rate, duty cycle, and average power to optimize the balance between power output and mode stability. By dynamically changing these parameters, the system can operate at high average powers while maintaining stable fundamental mode transmission through controlled thermal conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If core diameter of optical waveguide is increased to reduce non-linear effects, then non-linear effects are reduced, but single-mode operation becomes difficult to implement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenon-linear effectsVSAvoidsingle-mode operation
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The periodic burst mode operation allows the use of larger core diameters that would normally support multiple modes. By transmitting radiation in periodic bursts with controlled duration and repetition rate, the system prevents thermal accumulation that would otherwise cause mode instability, thereby enabling single-mode operation in waveguides with larger cores that inherently reduce non-linear effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operational parameters of the waveguide by operating in burst mode rather than continuous mode. This parameter change allows the waveguide to maintain single-mode operation at high powers by controlling the thermal conditions through periodic operation, while the larger core diameter simultaneously reduces non-linear optical effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Power

If laser radiation is transmitted in continuous mode at high power, then power output is improved, but thermal accumulation causes mode instability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidthermal accumulation
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent directly applies periodic action by transmitting laser radiation in burst mode with specific duty cycles. The radiation is coupled into the waveguide in periodic bursts followed by intervals where no radiation is transmitted, allowing thermal dissipation. This periodic operation enables high peak power transmission while preventing thermal accumulation that would cause mode instability in continuous operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements preliminary action by pre-defining the burst parameters (duration, repetition rate, duty cycle) before transmission begins. These parameters are optimized in advance to ensure that thermal accumulation is prevented while maintaining high average power output. The preliminary setup of operational parameters allows the system to avoid thermal instability before it occurs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach stabilizes the output signal and beam profile of the fiber laser, maintaining high beam quality without mode instability even at high average powers up to several kW, by controlling the energy transfer between modes.

Implementation Method 1

optical waveguides or optical fibers doped with rare earth ions as the active medium providing a reliable concept as an amplifier

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStimulated emission: Laser

Implementation Method 2

The very large ratio of surface area to active volume allows heat to be dissipated efficiently

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

The reason for the mode instability is considered to be thermo-optical effects, namely temperature-induced local changes in the refractive index of the material of the optical waveguide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermo-optical effect: Temperature Gradient

Implementation Method 4

Two or more (transverse) modes of the laser radiation propagating in the optical waveguide interfere with one another and thereby form a spatial mode interference pattern

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP3656024B1Preventing mode instability in an optical amplifier fibre
Publication Date: 2023.04.19 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3656024B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2c)
  • EP3656024B1 patent drawingFigure 3a)~3d)
  • EP3656024B1 patent drawingFigure 4a)~5

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for transferring laser radiation through an optical waveguide (3) in a stable manner, wherein two or more modes of the laser radiation propagating in the optical waveguide (3) interfere and form a mode interference pattern in the optical waveguide, as a result of which a thermally induced refractive index grating is generated in the optical waveguide (3). The problem addressed by the invention is that of disclosing an effective approach for stabilising the output signal of the optical waveguide (3) in a fibre-based laser/amplifier combination at high output powers, in other words for preventing mode instability. The invention solves this problem by setting a relative spatial phase shift between the mode interference pattern and the thermally induced refractive grating in the propagation direction of the laser radiation. The invention also relates to a laser/amplifier combination having a laser (1) and an optical waveguide (3) in the form of an amplifier fibre, wherein the optical waveguide (3) amplifies the radiation of the laser (1) propagating therein. The invention proposes an actuating element (7), which generates a predeterminable relative spatial phase shift of the mode interference pattern and the thermally induced refractive index grating in the propagation direction of the laser radiation.