Amplifier Circuit Temperature Compensation Using Variable Impedance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Amplifier circuits in automotive radar transceivers experience significant gain variations with temperature changes, leading to suboptimal signal amplification and potential degradation due to hot carrier injection, making accurate level control difficult, especially in millimeter wave CMOS transceivers.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a temperature-dependent variable impedance unit within the amplifier circuit, controlled by a temperature-based control signal, which adjusts impedance in parallel with the amplifier's input or output to counteract temperature-induced gain variations, using a transistor, resistors, and capacitors to provide a temperature-compensated impedance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a conventional amplifier circuit is used without temperature compensation, then the circuit structure remains simple, but the gain varies significantly with temperature changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegain stabilityVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic impedance adjustment mechanism where a variable impedance unit, controlled by temperature-dependent control signals, continuously adapts the impedance value to compensate for temperature-induced gain variations. This dynamic adjustment allows the amplifier to maintain stable gain across different temperature conditions without requiring a completely redesigned circuit architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the impedance parameter of the amplifier circuit based on temperature conditions. By providing different control signals corresponding to different temperature ranges, the impedance of the variable impedance unit is adjusted to counteract temperature effects on gain, thereby maintaining reliable operation without increasing overall circuit complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If temperature compensation is implemented using variable impedance units, then gain variation is reduced from 6 dB to 1 dB, but the circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegain stabilityVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The temperature compensation function is segmented into discrete temperature ranges, with specific control signals assigned to each range. This segmentation allows the complex compensation task to be divided into manageable segments, each handled by dedicated control circuitry that activates based on the current temperature range, reducing the overall complexity compared to a continuous adjustment system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The variable impedance unit serves multiple functions: it provides temperature compensation for gain stability while also acting as a standard impedance element in the amplifier circuit. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate compensation circuits, thereby limiting the increase in overall circuit complexity despite the added compensation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the amplifier operates across a wide temperature range, then the adaptability of the amplifier improves, but the gain control accuracy deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature rangeVSAvoidlevel control accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by providing different impedance values optimized for different temperature ranges. Each temperature range has a specifically tailored control signal that adjusts the impedance to achieve optimal gain accuracy for that local condition, rather than using a single impedance value for all temperatures. This localized optimization maintains high control accuracy across the entire temperature range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The temperature compensation mechanism operates with feedback from temperature sensing, where the measured temperature determines which control signal is applied to the variable impedance unit. This feedback loop ensures that the amplifier automatically adapts to temperature changes while maintaining accurate gain control, resolving the contradiction between wide temperature adaptability and control precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces gain variation from 6 dB to 1 dB across a temperature range, improving reliability and accuracy of signal amplification by attenuating signal levels and compensating for temperature dependencies, thus enhancing the performance of automotive radar transceivers.

Implementation Method 1

a transistor comprising a conduction channel and a transistor control terminal, wherein the transistor control terminal is coupled to the variable impedance unit control terminal... the variable impedance unit control terminal is configured to receive a control signal that is based on a measured temperature indicative of a temperature of the amplifier circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature dependence of electrical properties:

Implementation Method 2

a capacitor coupled in series with the conduction channel of the transistor between the conduction channel and one of: (i) the first terminal; and (ii) the second terminal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 3

a first resistor, wherein the first resistor is coupled in parallel with the conduction channel of the transistor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3930184A1Amplifier circuit with temperature compensation
Publication Date: 2021.12.29 NXP USA INC
  • EP3930184A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3930184A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3930184A1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

There is disclosed an amplifier circuit comprising: an amplifier having input and output terminals; a temperature dependent variable impedance unit (101) comprising: a first terminal, a second terminal and a variable impedance unit control terminal; a transistor (105) comprising a transistor control terminal coupled to the variable impedance unit control terminal; a first resistor (106) coupled in parallel with the conduction channel; a capacitor (110) coupled in series with the conduction channel between the conduction channel and one of: the first terminal; and the second terminal; and wherein: the first terminal is coupled to one of: the input terminal and the output terminal; the second terminal is for coupling to a reference node; and the variable impedance unit control terminal is configured to receive a control signal based on a measured temperature of the amplifier circuit and thereby provide a temperature dependent variable impedance for the amplifier circuit.