Amplitude-Modulated Dielectric Waveguide for High-Gain Beam Shaping

The patent applies local quality by varying the width of the dielectric waveguide at different positions along its length. Specifically, the waveguide width is modulated according to a sinusoidal function, creating different local geometries that correspond to different radiation characteristics. This allows different sections of the antenna to contribute differently to the overall radiation pattern, enabling beam shaping and focusing capabilities while maintaining a relatively simple integrated structure.

The patent employs parameter changes by systematically varying the waveguide width parameter along its length according to a mathematical function (sinusoidal modulation). The width w(z) is defined as w0[1 + m*cos(2πζz/L)], where m is the modulation index and ζ is the spatial frequency. This functional approach to parameter variation allows for predictable and controllable beam shaping while providing clear design guidelines for manufacturing tolerances.

The patent applies copying by recording the intensity pattern of an optical hologram into the geometric structure of the dielectric waveguide. The waveguide width modulation profile is essentially a copy of the holographic interference pattern, which encodes both amplitude and phase information of the desired radiation pattern. This allows the antenna to reproduce the complex wavefront characteristics without requiring complex feeding networks or additional active components.