Implantable Analyte Sensor Layout for Glucose Interference Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing analyte sensors face challenges in accurately determining glucose concentration due to interference from redox active substances in body fluids, leading to overestimation or underestimation of glucose levels.
Innovation Solution
The analyte sensor employs a working electrode with an enzyme layer and an adjacent interferent electrode devoid of enzyme, separated by a distance and electrically isolated, to reduce or eliminate interferents that directly oxidize or react with intermediate products, allowing precise glucose concentration determination without additional calculation steps.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a single working electrode with enzyme layer is used for glucose detection, then the sensor can detect glucose through enzymatic oxidation, but redox active interferents in body fluid directly oxidize at the electrode surface causing measurement inaccuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode surface is segmented into functionally distinct zones: a working electrode region with enzyme layer for glucose detection and an interferent electrode region without enzyme that selectively oxidizes interferents. This spatial segmentation allows simultaneous glucose measurement and interferent removal, resolving the contradiction between detection accuracy and interferent interference.
Solution Approach 2:
The interferent electrode acts as an intermediary element that preferentially consumes redox active interferents through direct oxidation, preventing them from reaching and interfering with the working electrode. This intermediary structure eliminates harmful interferent oxidation at the glucose sensing site while maintaining measurement precision.
2Measurement precision
If the interferent electrode is placed adjacent to the working electrode, then interferents are effectively removed from the measurement zone, but the device structure becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The interferent electrode and working electrode are merged into a single planar substrate with electrically isolated regions, sharing common support structure and electrolyte environment. This combining approach reduces overall device complexity compared to separate electrode assemblies while maintaining the precision benefits of interferent removal through adjacent placement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The sensor provides accurate glucose measurements by minimizing interferent influence, requiring a simple setup and reducing costs compared to existing methods.
Implementation Method 1
convert glucose into an electrically charged entity by using an enzyme, in particular glucose oxidase (GOD) and/or glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)
Implementation Method 2
support an oxidation of the analyte in the body fluid
Implementation Method 3
oxidize at the surface of the working electrode being polarized at a potential sufficient for hydrogen peroxide oxidation
Data Source
AI summary
A fully or partially implantable analyte sensor for continuously monitoring analyte concentration in a body fluid has a substrate with a first surface configured to face towards the body fluid. The sensor has a working electrode and an interferent electrode. The interferent electrode and the working electrode are electrically separated layers located adjacently on the first surface. The sensor has a further electrode, the further electrode being a counter electrode, a reference electrode or a counter/reference electrode. The working electrode and the interferent electrode each have a layer of a conductive material. The working electrode has an enzyme whereas the interferent electrode is devoid of enzyme. A method for producing the fully or partially implantable analyte sensor for continuously monitoring analyte concentration in a body fluid is also disclosed.