Anatomic Hip Arthroplasty With Bone-Preserving Alignment Jig
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional total hip arthroplasty systems require excessive bone removal, are difficult to implant with proper alignment, and involve numerous components for size adjustments, complicating surgical procedures and future revisions.
Innovation Solution
A total hip arthroplasty system comprising femoral and acetabular components, including an intramedullary nail, bone anchor, neck component, and acetabular cup, along with alignment and reaming tools, allows for minimal bone resection, accurate alignment, and adjustable neck length, preserving natural bone and biomechanics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional total hip arthroplasty systems are used, then the hip joint can be replaced, but large amounts of natural bone must be removed
Solution Approach 1:
The prosthesis is divided into separate modular components: a femoral component that fits into the femoral canal and an acetabular component that replaces the hip socket. This segmentation allows the femoral stem to be inserted into the prepared canal without requiring removal of the femoral head and neck, preserving natural bone while achieving joint replacement functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The diseased or damaged portions of the hip joint (femoral head and acetabular cartilage) are selectively removed and replaced with prosthetic components, while the healthy femoral shaft and surrounding bone structure are preserved. This extraction approach minimizes bone loss by removing only the necessary pathological tissue.
2Reliability
If conventional total hip arthroplasty systems are used, then the hip joint can be replaced, but proper alignment is difficult to achieve
Solution Approach 1:
Alignment jigs and guides are used during the surgical procedure to pre-establish the correct orientation and positioning of the femoral and acetabular components before final implantation. These preliminary alignment tools ensure that the prosthesis is installed with proper anatomical alignment, facilitating accurate component placement.
3Reliability
If conventional total hip arthroplasty systems are used, then the hip joint can be replaced, but numerous components are required for size adjustments
Solution Approach 1:
The femoral stem component is designed with universal sizing options that can accommodate different patient anatomies through selective positioning and orientation within the femoral canal. The modular design allows a limited set of stem sizes to be adapted to various patients by adjusting insertion depth and angular orientation, reducing the need for numerous specialized components.
Data Source
AI summary
A hip arthroplasty system, intended to improve anatomic placement and maintain bone stock, includes a nail for insertion into an intramedullary canal of a femur, screw holes generally perpendicular to the nail, and a hole having a transverse axis. The system also includes a bone anchor having an opening for a cut-off femoral neck, a neck component having a longitudinal body and a seat for the femoral head, a femoral head, and an acetabular cup assembly. A jig is provided for implanting the system and includes a guide that orients relative to the nail, attachment hardware, a rail adapted to extend parallel to the transverse axis of the nail, and a second guide slidably displaceable along the rail. The system provides significant adjustability and retains maximum bone for the possibility of revision.