5D Angle-Domain Common-Image Gathers for Subsurface Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current seismic migration techniques face challenges in obtaining high-resolution subsurface imaging of subterranean regions, particularly in boreholes, due to noise and limited angle coverage, which affects the accuracy of reservoir analysis and hydrocarbon extraction.
Innovation Solution
The method generates five-dimensional angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIG) from 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) data using the Kirchhoff integral method, incorporating four angle attributes and multi-parameter Green's function, allowing for simultaneous imaging of free surface multiples and primary reflections, and post-processing to enhance structure images and rock property estimation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional seismic migration techniques are used, then the imaging process is simpler, but the imaging resolution and signal-to-noise ratio are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces five-dimensional angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIG) that add angular dimensions to traditional seismic imaging. By computing four angle attributes (incidence angle, reflection angle, azimuth angle, and dip angle) and organizing data in 5D space, the method enhances imaging resolution and signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining systematic processing capability through dimensional expansion
2Measurement precision
If comprehensive angle coverage is achieved, then imaging accuracy improves, but data acquisition complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a unified Kirchhoff integral method framework that simultaneously processes multiple data types (VSP, OBS, surface seismic) and computes all four angle attributes within a single theoretical framework. This multi-functional approach achieves comprehensive angle coverage while avoiding separate processing workflows for different survey types
3Loss of information
If free surface multiples and primary reflections are imaged simultaneously, then imaging completeness improves, but processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the imaging of free surface multiples and primary reflections into a single Kirchhoff integral process. By treating both wave types within the same mathematical framework and computing angle attributes for both simultaneously, the method achieves complete imaging without requiring separate processing workflows
Data Source
AI summary
Example computer-implemented method, computer-readable media, and computer system are described for generating subterranean imaging data based on initial isotropic and/or anisotropic velocity models for the vertical seismic profile (VSP) data and stored ocean bottom sensor (OBS) data. In some aspects, VSP data and OBS data of a subterranean region are received. Angle attributes for each image point are computed to image primary reflection and free surface multiples of the received VSP data and OBS data, respectively. Angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIG) are generated according to a ray-equation method based on the angle attributes computed based on the received VSP data and OBS data, respectively. The ADCIG are further post-processed.