Angled Burners in Entrained Flow Gasifier
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional gasification reactors face issues with thermodynamic stresses leading to crack formation and rapid destruction due to large temperature differences, and suffer from unwanted discharge of fine slag dust and guide tube blockages caused by deposits during the removal of crude gas and liquid slag.
Innovation Solution
The gasification burners are positioned off-center and at angles relative to the reactor axis, with cooling water introduced through nozzles around a quenching chamber to prevent deposits, allowing for effective cooling without fittings and reducing slag dust discharge.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If a refractory lining with cooling tubes is used to delimit the gasification chamber, then the chamber can be internally delimited and cooled, but large thermodynamic stresses occur due to temperature differences leading to crack formation and rapid destruction
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the cooling function from the refractory wall structure and relocates it to a separate quenching chamber. The gasification chamber is delimited by an unlined refractory structure, while cooling tubes are positioned in the quenching chamber to cool the crude gas and slag after they leave the gasification zone, thereby eliminating thermal stress on the gasification chamber wall.
Solution Approach 2:
The crude gas and slag serve as intermediaries that carry heat from the gasification chamber to the quenching chamber. The cooling tubes in the quenching chamber cool these intermediaries, indirectly achieving cooling of the gasification chamber contents without direct thermal contact between cooling tubes and the gasification chamber wall.
2Temperature
If cooling tubes are embedded in the refractory wall, then cooling can be achieved, but unwanted discharge of fine slag dust occurs from the gasification chamber
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the cooling function from the gasification chamber wall and relocates it to the quenching chamber. By positioning cooling tubes only in the quenching chamber and not in the gasification chamber, the source of slag dust generation is eliminated while maintaining necessary cooling functions.
3Productivity
If crude gas and slag are removed through a central guide tube, then removal is achieved, but deposits form in the guide tube causing blockages
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the cooling function from the gasification chamber and relocates it to the quenching chamber. This eliminates the need for a central guide tube running through the gasification chamber, as cooling now occurs in the separate quenching chamber where crude gas and slag are already discharged.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of cooling the crude gas and slag as they travel upward through a central guide tube from the gasification chamber, the invention inverts the sequence by allowing them to discharge freely first and then cooling them in the quenching chamber.
4Ease of operation
If gasification burners are positioned at the head of the reactor with downward flow, then the conventional arrangement is maintained, but thermodynamic stresses and slag dust discharge problems occur
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces asymmetry by positioning the gasification burners at an angle to the reactor axis rather than vertically at the head. The burners are arranged at angles between 0° and 90° relative to the reactor axis, creating an asymmetric flow pattern that prevents the formation of a stable slag layer on the chamber wall and reduces thermodynamic stresses.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This arrangement significantly reduces unwanted slag dust discharge and prevents deposits in the cooling system, enhancing reactor availability and maintaining efficient gas and slag removal.
Implementation Method 1
The required cooling water is introduced by way of nozzles, which are disposed at regular intervals around the quenching chamber in the region of the pressure envelope
Implementation Method 2
a number of gasification burners are disposed away from the reactor axis (central axis), with the center line of a gasification burner having an oblique position that is other than parallel to the reactor axis
Data Source
AI summary
There is described a reactor for entrained flow gasification for operation with dust-type or liquid fuels, wherein a number of gasification burners are disposed away from the reactor axis, with the center line of a gasification burner having an oblique position that is other than parallel to the reactor axis, it being possible for said oblique position to extend at different angles up to an angle of 90°. The center line does not necessarily have to intersect the reactor axis; rather the center line can pass the reactor axis at a predetermined distance. This arrangement is associated with a significant reduction in the unwanted discharge of dust-type fine slag, which is difficult to utilize, in conjunction with the possibility of reducing the reactor diameter due to its structure.