Angled Surgical Guide for Precise Bone Harvesting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bone harvesting techniques for autologous bone grafting in oral surgery lack precision, leading to risks such as nerve damage, vascular injury, and inadequate bone volume due to the inability to accurately translate three-dimensional anatomical reconstructions into real-time surgical procedures, especially in complex areas like the mandible.
Innovation Solution
A surgical guide is designed based on a three-dimensional image of the patient's bone, identifying sensitive anatomical structures and delimiting a bone volume for removal while avoiding these structures, with angled guide walls that correspond to the predetermined cutting direction, allowing for precise osteotomy and safe bone harvesting.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If traditional bone harvesting techniques are used without surgical guides, then the surgical procedure is simpler and faster to perform, but the precision and safety are compromised due to inability to accurately control cutting depth and direction
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical guide is designed and fabricated before the surgical procedure, incorporating pre-determined cutting parameters based on 3D anatomical reconstructions. This preliminary preparation of the guide allows precise control during surgery without requiring complex real-time measurements or calculations by the surgeon.
Solution Approach 2:
The surgical guide acts as an intermediary device between the surgeon and the bone cutting tool. It translates the complex 3D anatomical information into simple physical guides and stops that directly control the cutting tool's path, depth, and orientation, eliminating the need for the surgeon to mentally process and translate 3D imaging data during surgery.
2Loss of information
If detailed three-dimensional imaging and analysis are performed, then the anatomical understanding is improved, but the ability to translate this information into real-time surgical accuracy is lost due to lack of reference points
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical guide creates a physical copy or replica of the critical anatomical features and cutting paths derived from 3D reconstructions. By fabricating the guide to match the virtual surgical plan, the anatomical information is preserved and made directly applicable in the real surgical field without requiring continuous reference to the original 3D images or complex real-time measurements.
3Manufacturing precision
If bone harvesting is performed without precise volume control, then the surgical procedure is faster, but the bone volume harvested is inadequate or excessive, requiring additional procedures or risking nerve damage
Solution Approach 1:
The required bone volume and harvesting boundaries are calculated and incorporated into the surgical guide design before surgery. Pre-defined stops and depth limits are built into the guide, allowing the surgeon to harvest the exact required volume without needing to continuously measure or calculate during the procedure, maintaining both precision and efficiency.
4Manufacturing precision
If the surgical guide includes angled walls corresponding to cutting directions, then the precision of osteotomy is improved, but the complexity of guide fabrication and design is increased
Solution Approach 1:
The complex process of manually measuring and calculating cutting angles and directions is replaced by computer-aided design and manufacturing processes. The software automatically generates the guide geometry with precise angles based on 3D anatomical data, and modern fabrication techniques (such as CNC machining or 3D printing) can accurately produce these complex angled structures without requiring manual measurement or adjustment by the surgeon.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for making a surgical guide for bone harvesting identifying in a three-dimensional image of a bone one or more sensitive anatomic structures and a volume of bone suitable for being removed. The volume is delimited by a portion of an outer surface of the bone defining a perimeter and by a mantle extending from the perimeter inside of the bone. The method also includes designing the surgical guide which includes defining a guide surface including a work area delimited by guide walls. The method also includes angling at least one of the guide walls so that the guide wall includes a face that constitutes a geometrical extension of a portion of the mantle when the guide is rested on the outer surface of the bone such that the face includes at least one segment forming a predetermined angle with respect to the guide surface.