Ankle Joint Spreader and Extractor for Posterior Talus Lesion Exposure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current surgical instruments for exposing deep osteochondral lesions posterior to the talus dome are inadequate, leading to difficult surgeries, increased recovery time, and complications such as ankle joint facet bone loss and cartilage damage.
Innovation Solution
A series of instruments including a lesion exposure spreader, retractor, talus lesion bone extractor, and tibial distal target shaping guide plate, designed to maintain ankle joint hyperextension, facilitate tissue retraction, and enhance illumination, while minimizing bone extraction complexity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If medial malleolus osteotomy is performed to expose deep OLT lesions, then lesion exposure is achieved, but surgical complexity increases, recovery time extends, and complications occur
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical approach is segmented into distinct functional components: the spreader device divides the ankle joint into accessible zones, the retractor separates soft tissue layers, and the extractor isolates the lesion. This segmentation allows exposure without osteotomy by creating spatial separation of anatomical structures.
Solution Approach 2:
The spreader and retractor act as intermediary devices that facilitate lesion access without direct bone cutting. The spreader serves as a mediator to maintain joint distraction, while the retractor mediates soft tissue displacement, collectively enabling exposure through indirect mechanical means rather than osteotomy.
2Area of stationary object
If medial malleolus osteotomy is performed to expose deep OLT lesions, then lesion exposure is achieved, but recovery time increases and complications arise
Solution Approach 1:
The spreader device incorporates self-retaining features where the spreading force is maintained by the device's own structural configuration and locking mechanism, eliminating the need for continuous external manipulation or postoperative immobilization. The device serves itself to maintain exposure throughout the procedure.
Solution Approach 2:
The pathological bone tissue is extracted through the bone extraction groove without removing surrounding healthy bone structures. This selective extraction of only the necessary bone portion minimizes trauma to adjacent tissues, reducing recovery time and complications compared to osteotomy that removes or fractures healthy bone.
3Ease of operation
If traditional open surgery instruments are used for deep OLT lesions, then basic surgical functions are performed, but exposure range is insufficient and surgical field illumination is inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple surgical functions are merged into an integrated instrument system: the spreader combines distraction and stabilization functions, the retractor integrates soft tissue displacement with structural support, and the extractor unifies bone cutting and removal capabilities. This merging provides comprehensive exposure and operational capability in a coordinated system.
Solution Approach 2:
The spreader introduces a new spatial dimension by creating distraction along the longitudinal axis of the ankle joint, transforming a two-dimensional surgical field into a three-dimensional accessible space. This dimensional change allows posterior lesions to be reached from an anterior approach without osteotomy.
4Area of stationary object
If medial malleolus osteotomy is performed to expose deep OLT lesions, then lesion exposure is achieved, but bone loss and cartilage damage occur
Solution Approach 1:
The bone extraction groove is designed with localized geometry that matches the specific dimensions and shape of the OLT lesion. This local quality ensures that only the pathological tissue within the groove's boundaries is removed, while surrounding healthy bone and cartilage remain intact. The retractor's blade configuration also provides localized soft tissue displacement without broad tissue disruption.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a series of instruments for exposure of lesions posterior to talus dome, including: a lesion exposure spreader configured to spread an ankle joint, a retractor configured to laterally retract tissue, and a talus lesion bone extractor configured for lesion debridement and bone extraction. The lesion exposure spreader includes a fixed handle. A supporting strip is fixedly arranged on one side of the fixed handle. A movable handle and a locking mechanism are slidably connected to the supporting strip. Fixing nails are arranged at the tail ends of the fixed handle and the movable handle. The retractor includes a retractor handle. The tail end of the retractor handle is bent and extends downwards, and the bent and extending part is a retractor blade. The talus lesion bone extractor includes a round bone extraction rod and a steering rod. The steering rod is detachably connected to the head end of the round bone extraction rod. A bone cutting end and a bone extraction section are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the round bone extraction rod. The bone cutting end is a conical annular cutting edge. A bone extraction groove is formed in the side wall of the bone extraction section. The bone extraction groove is communicated with the bone cutting end, and a bone block cut by the bone cutting end is extracted from the bone extraction groove. According to the present disclosure, lesion exposure and surgery field illumination are increased.