Annular Distributor Multiple Slit Layers Flow Uniformity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional annular-type distributors with a single slit layer fail to achieve uniform flow and low fluid speed, leading to hot spots and reduced heat transfer efficiency in multi-tubular catalytic reactors, as adjusting opening sizes to reduce flow rate can disturb fluid flow.
Innovation Solution
An annular-type distributor with multiple slit layers, where slit heights are adjusted in a gradient manner across the circumference to ensure uniform fluid distribution, with the outermost slit layer having variable heights and the inner slit layers maintaining consistent heights, allowing for improved flow uniformity and low fluid speed.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If the size of openings in a single slit layer is reduced to reduce flow rate, then fluid speed decreases, but fluid flow becomes disturbed and heat transfer efficiency degrades
Solution Approach 1:
The single slit layer is segmented into multiple slit layers (first, second, and third slit layers) with different opening heights. This segmentation allows each layer to contribute differently to flow control, enabling reduced fluid speed while maintaining uniform distribution and preventing flow disturbance that would occur with simply reducing opening size in a single layer.
Solution Approach 2:
Different slit layers are designed with different opening heights to create local quality variations. The first slit layer has the greatest opening height, the second has intermediate height, and the third has the least height. This local differentiation allows each region to optimize flow characteristics, achieving low fluid speed while maintaining overall flow uniformity and heat transfer efficiency.
2Stability of the object's composition
If the number and size of opening arrays are adjusted to improve flow uniformity, then flow uniformity improves, but the heating medium cannot be uniformly distributed in predetermined regions
Solution Approach 1:
The invention transitions from a single-plane (2D) opening array to a multi-layer (3D) structure with first, second, and third slit layers positioned at different heights. This dimensional expansion allows uniform flow distribution to be achieved through vertical layering rather than horizontal array adjustment, enabling precise control of heating medium distribution in predetermined circumferential regions while maintaining overall flow uniformity.
3Device complexity
If a single slit layer is used, then device complexity is low, but flow uniformity and fluid speed control are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The distributor structure is segmented into multiple slit layers with progressively decreasing opening heights. This segmentation achieves superior flow uniformity and fluid speed control compared to a single layer, while keeping each individual layer relatively simple in design. The cumulative effect of the layered structure provides the needed complexity only where necessary for performance optimization.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The multiple slit layer design enhances fluid distribution and speed uniformity, preventing hot spots and maintaining uniform temperature distribution, thereby extending catalyst lifespan and improving product yield in catalytic gas phase oxidation reactions.
Implementation Method 1
an annular-type distributor capable of receiving or discharging fluid in at least two circumferential portions thereof with improved flow uniformity and/or a low fluid speed
Implementation Method 2
the speed of the heating medium introduced into the reactor may increase, so the flow of the heating medium may be disturbed in the reactor
Implementation Method 3
hot spots may locally occur at the reaction tubes, thereby degrading the quality of the catalyst. Accordingly, the life time of the catalyst may be shortened and the yield of a target product may be reduced. In order to solve the above problems, there have been suggested various methods for reducing the hot spots by effectively transferring heat to the reaction tubes installed in the reactor.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are an annular-type distributor having a multiple slit layer including at least two annular layers, which are stacked while being spaced by a predetermined distance and in which at least one slit is formed so as to receive or discharge fluid; a reactor or a heat exchanger having the annular-type distributor; and a method of producing unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated acid from olefin by catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction using the reactor.