Annular Electron Beam Source for Hot Gas Window Cooling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in uniformly applying accelerated electrons to gaseous media, particularly hot gases like exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, due to geometric limitations and the inability of electron exit windows to withstand thermal and corrosive stress.
Innovation Solution
An annular electron beam source with an annular electron exit window and a cooling gas flow through an annular space between the exit window and a second hollow cylinder, allowing for the treatment of hot gaseous media without overheating or contamination of the electron exit window.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If an electron exit window is used to apply accelerated electrons to gaseous media, then electron beam treatment can be achieved, but the electron exit window cannot withstand thermal and corrosive stress from hot gases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a liquid metal layer as an intermediary between the electron exit window and the hot gaseous media. This liquid metal layer acts as a protective barrier that can withstand the thermal and corrosive stress from hot gases while allowing electrons to pass through, thereby protecting the electron exit window from damage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state and properties of the protective layer by using liquid metal instead of solid materials. The liquid metal can be maintained in a molten state that provides both thermal resistance and electron permeability, adapting the material properties to simultaneously satisfy conflicting requirements of thermal protection and electron transmission.
2Manufacturing precision
If conventional electron beam sources are used, then electron acceleration can be achieved, but uniform application of electrons to gaseous media cannot be realized due to geometric limitations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a liquid metal surface that naturally forms a curved or spherical interface between the vacuum chamber and the gaseous media. This curved geometry allows electron beams to be applied uniformly across the gas-liquid interface, overcoming the geometric limitations of flat or angular electron exit windows and achieving more uniform electron distribution in the gaseous media.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables efficient and uniform application of accelerated electrons to hot gaseous media, preventing damage to the electron exit window and allowing for effective chemical conversion of exhaust gases.
Implementation Method 1
a cooling gas flow through an annular space between the exit window and a second hollow cylinder
Implementation Method 2
Apparatus and method for applying accelerated electrons to gaseous media... electrons emitted by the cathode can be accelerated towards the ring axis of the annular housing
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatuses and methods are provided for applying accelerated electrons to a gaseous medium by means of an electron beam generator, which has at least one cathode for emitting electrons and at least one electron exit window, wherein a) the at least one cathode is annular and the at least one electron exit window is in the form of an annular first hollow cylinder, the annular electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder forms an inner wall of an annular housing of the electron beam generator, wherein the electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerated to the ring axis of the annular housing; b) an annular second hollow cylinder is arranged within the electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder and delimits an annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; c) a cooling gas is fed through the annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; and d) the gaseous medium to which accelerated electrons are to be applied is fed through the second hollow cylinder.