Anode-Free All-Solid-State Battery Low-Temperature Operation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional all-solid-state batteries face challenges in increasing energy density and durability due to nonuniform lithium precipitation, leading to irreversible reactions and reduced lifespan, especially when operating at low temperatures and lacking an anode.
Innovation Solution
An anode-free all-solid-state battery design featuring a metal fluoride coating layer between the anode current collector and solid electrolyte, which inhibits lithium dendrite growth and enables uniform lithium deposition, using a metal fluoride compound like InF3, ZnF2, or AgF, and a binder to facilitate lithium ion migration and storage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If lithium metal is used as an anode to increase energy density, then energy density is improved, but lithium dendrite growth and interfacial bonding problems occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the traditional anode structure entirely, extracting the lithium metal component from the anode assembly. Instead, lithium is directly deposited onto the current collector during charging, eliminating the anode active material layer and simplifying the overall battery structure while maintaining high energy density.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a coating layer as an intermediary between the current collector and the solid electrolyte. This coating layer serves as a mediator that facilitates uniform lithium deposition during charging and prevents direct contact between lithium and the current collector, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth while enabling high capacity.
2Device complexity
If anode-free design is used to simplify structure, then device complexity is reduced, but nonuniform lithium precipitation occurs leading to reduced lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The coating layer acts as an intermediary that enables uniform lithium precipitation by providing a controlled interface for lithium deposition. This intermediary structure prevents the nonuniform precipitation that would otherwise occur in anode-free designs, thereby extending battery lifespan while maintaining structural simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The coating layer introduces local quality variation at the interface between the current collector and solid electrolyte. By modifying the local properties of this specific region, the patent creates favorable conditions for uniform lithium deposition without affecting the overall simple anode-free structure.
3Strength
If conventional anode structure with anode active material is used, then interfacial bonding is improved, but energy density is reduced due to higher specific gravity of solid electrolyte
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the anode active material layer from the battery structure, removing the source of interfacial bonding issues. By eliminating this layer and directly depositing lithium onto the current collector, the patent achieves both high energy density and sufficient interfacial stability without the weight penalty of conventional anodes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The battery achieves a capacity of 140 mAh/g or more at low temperatures, with 80% capacity retention for 30 charge/discharge cycles and prevents lithium dendrite growth, ensuring stable operation and extended lifespan.
Implementation Method 1
uniformly deposited lithium during charging, and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites
Implementation Method 2
a solid electrolyte interposed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are an anode-free all-solid-state battery which may operate at low temperature conditions, such as room temperature, and a method manufacturing the same. The anode-free all-solid-state battery may have uniformly deposited lithium during charging and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites.