Anodeless all-solid-state battery capable of achieving uniform deposition of lithium

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Solution Overview

Problem

All-solid-state batteries face challenges in increasing energy density due to the high specific gravity of solid electrolytes and issues with lithium metal anodes, such as interfacial bonding and dendrite growth, which hinder the development of high-energy lithium metal anode batteries.

Innovation Solution

An anodeless all-solid-state battery design is proposed, featuring a bare anode current collector with a coating layer containing carbon and metal particles that induce lithium ion conduction, allowing uniform lithium deposition and controlling volume expansion, comprising a carbon particle mixture with spherical and linear shapes and metal particles like silver, to form a dense intermediate layer for efficient lithium precipitation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If lithium metal is used as an anode to increase energy density, then energy density is improved, but dendrite growth and interfacial bonding problems occur

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveenergy densityVSAvoiddendrite growth control

Core Design Contradiction:

Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

An intermediate layer composed of carbon particles and metal particles is introduced between the solid electrolyte and the anode current collector. This intermediate layer acts as a mediator that facilitates uniform lithium ion deposition and prevents direct contact between lithium metal and the current collector, thereby preventing dendrite growth while maintaining high energy density.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The intermediate layer is formed as a composite material combining carbon particles (for conductivity and structural stability) and metal particles (for catalytic activity and lithium ion conduction). This composite structure enables uniform lithium deposition and effective dendrite prevention, resolving the contradiction between energy density and reliability.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If solid electrolyte is used instead of liquid electrolyte, then safety is improved, but energy density decreases due to greater specific gravity

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovesafetyVSAvoidenergy density

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the parameters of the anode structure by introducing an intermediate layer with optimized composition (carbon and metal particles in specific ratios) and density (1.0-1.8 g/cc). This parameter optimization allows the solid electrolyte to maintain its safety advantages while the intermediate layer compensates for the weight penalty, enabling higher overall energy density.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If an anodeless design is used to simplify structure, then device complexity is reduced, but uniform lithium deposition becomes difficult to achieve

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvestructure simplificationVSAvoidlithium deposition uniformity

Core Design Contradiction:

Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The intermediate layer serves as a mediator that enables uniform lithium deposition in the anodeless design. By providing a structured interface with carbon and metal particles, it guides lithium ion distribution evenly across the anode current collector surface, achieving manufacturing precision without adding complex deposition equipment or processes.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively controls local volume expansion during charging, achieves uniform lithium deposition, reduces initial irreversible capacity, and enhances the durability and efficiency of the battery, maintaining high capacity retention over multiple charge and discharge cycles.

Implementation Method 1

The intermediate layer may include a carbon particle and a metal particle capable of alloying with lithium

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAlloying:

Implementation Method 2

a solid electrolyte layer disposed on the intermediate layer

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectIon conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentUS20240079599A1Anodeless all-solid-state battery capable of achieving uniform deposition of lithium

Publication Date: 2024.03.07 HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

AI summary

Disclosed is an anodeless all-solid-state battery which may effectively control local volume expansion due to lithium deposited during charging of the battery. The all-solid-state battery includes an anode current collector, an intermediate layer located on the anode current collector, a solid electrolyte layer located on the intermediate layer, a cathode active material layer located on the solid electrolyte layer and including a cathode active material, and a cathode current collector located on the cathode active material layer. The intermediate layer includes carbon particles and metal particles alloyable with lithium, and the carbon particles include a first carbon material, e.g., as a spherical carbon material, and a second carbon material, e.g., a linear carbon material.