Anodic Component Anions for Electrochromic Mass Transport
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrochromic devices face mass transport imbalances due to differences in solubility and charge between cathodic and anodic components, leading to reduced durability and increased manufacturing costs.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating anodic component anions covalently bonded to the anodic component, selected from specific formulas, into the electrochromic layer, along with a cathodic component, electrolyte, and polymer matrix, to enhance mass transport balance and device durability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a higher concentration of the slower moving component is required to equalize diffusion flux, then mass transport balance is improved, but additional preparation and manufacturing steps are required and formulation errors may occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the charge parameter of the anodic component from neutral to negatively charged (anion). This parameter change increases the mobility of the anodic component, allowing mass transport balance to be achieved without requiring higher concentrations or additional manufacturing steps. The charged anodic component can now migrate more efficiently through the electrochromic layer under the applied electric field.
2Quantity of substance
If the anodic component has no charge associated therewith, then solubility may be improved, but mass transport balance deteriorates relative to the cathodic component
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a charge parameter (negative charge) to the anodic component. This parameter change enables the anodic component to respond to the electric field and migrate effectively, achieving mass transport balance with the cathodic component. The anion formulation allows both solubility and charge requirements to be satisfied simultaneously.
3Productivity
If mass transport imbalance occurs, then device operation may be maintained, but durability is reduced due to over-oxidization or over-reduction
Solution Approach 1:
By changing the charge parameter of the anodic component to negative, the patent ensures balanced mass transport of both electrochromic components. This balance prevents over-oxidation or over-reduction at the electrodes, thereby improving device durability while maintaining normal operation. The charged anodic component migrates at a rate consistent with the cathodic component, avoiding accumulation and degradation issues.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution improves mass transport balance, leading to enhanced durability and reduced manufacturing costs, while maintaining efficient operation and improved efficiency of electrochromic devices.
Implementation Method 1
The kinetics of such electrochromic devices is typically governed primarily by mass transport of cathodic components and anodic components across and through the electrochromic layer
Implementation Method 2
Electrochromism involves a reversible change in a material's visible color and/or transmittance of visible light with the application of an electrical potential
Implementation Method 3
a material that generates a color while undergoing reduction is referred to as a cathodically-coloring electrochromic material
Implementation Method 4
The change in color and/or transmittance typically involves alternately cycled oxidized and reduced charge states
Implementation Method 5
a material that generates color while undergoing oxidation is referred to as an anodically-coloring electrochromic material
Implementation Method 6
The change in color and/or transmittance typically involves alternately cycled oxidized and reduced charge states
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to electrochromic devices and compositions, in which the anodic component thereof includes an anodic component anion selected from at least one anodic component anion represented by the following Formulas (I) or (II),With reference to Formulas (I) and (II), R1 and R2 are each independently selected from divalent linear or branched alkane linking group. With reference to Formula (II), R3 is selected from fluorine, linear or branched fluorinated alkyl, or linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl. The present invention also relates to salts including an anion represented by Formula (II). The present invention further relates to a neutral compound corresponding to Formula (II), in which hydrogen (H) is bonded to the nitrogen anion.