Antenna Array Axial Ratio Compensation via Dual Linear Beamforming
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing antenna arrays face challenges in maintaining stable polarization characteristics due to deviations in axial ratio caused by mutual coupling, manufacturing tolerances, and variations in scan angles, leading to signal transmission inefficiencies and reliability issues, particularly in applications like B5G and radar systems.
Innovation Solution
An axial ratio compensation method that decomposes circular polarization into two linear polarization modes, allowing for independent beamforming and compensation of phase and magnitude differences between orthogonal linearly polarized beams to improve circular polarization performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If circular polarization is used in antenna arrays for B5G applications, then signal reliability and polarization matching are improved, but axial ratio deviations occur due to mutual coupling and manufacturing tolerances
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments circular polarization into two independent linear polarization modes (first and second orthogonal linear polarizations). Each mode is processed separately through independent beamforming networks, allowing individual calibration and compensation. This segmentation enables precise control of each polarization component to correct axial ratio deviations caused by manufacturing tolerances and mutual coupling.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by adjusting the phase and magnitude of signals in each linear polarization mode through beamforming weight optimization. By dynamically modifying these signal parameters, the system compensates for axial ratio deviations and maintains reliable circular polarization performance despite manufacturing variations.
2Measurement precision
If independent beamforming is applied to each linear polarization mode, then axial ratio compensation precision is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal beamforming architecture where the same beamforming network structure is applied to both linear polarization modes. This multi-functional approach allows the system to achieve precise axial ratio compensation through independent processing while maintaining structural uniformity, thereby reducing overall system complexity through design standardization.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs self-calibration by measuring the actual axial ratio performance and automatically adjusting beamforming weights to compensate for deviations. This self-service capability enables precise axial ratio compensation without requiring complex external calibration equipment or manual adjustment procedures.
3Reliability
If phase and magnitude compensation is performed for orthogonal linear polarized beams, then circular polarization characteristics are enhanced, but signal processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary calibration during the manufacturing and setup phase to determine optimal beamforming weights for each linear polarization mode. These pre-calculated weights are stored and applied during operation, enabling rapid phase and magnitude compensation without real-time computational overhead, thus enhancing circular polarization characteristics while minimizing signal processing time.
Data Source
AI summary
An axial ratio compensation method performed by an antenna system including an antenna array having antenna elements is provided. The axial ratio compensation method includes: receiving, by the antenna array, a first linearly polarized beam from a predetermined direction by enabling respective first ports of the antenna elements, so that the antenna array generates a first radio frequency (RF) signal; receiving, by the antenna array, a second linearly polarized beam from the predetermined direction by enabling respective second ports of the antenna elements, so that the antenna array generates a second RF signal, wherein the first linearly polarized beam and the second linearly polarized beam are substantially orthogonal; and compensating at least one of a phase difference and a magnitude difference between the first RF signal and the second RF signal to compensate an axial ratio of the antenna array at the predetermined direction.