Periodic Antenna Array Enhances Wavelength Conversion Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing illumination devices face challenges with heat management, efficiency, and emission directionality due to Stokes losses in wavelength conversion processes, requiring thick phosphor layers that lead to high local heat dissipation and reduced conversion efficiency, and exhibit limited use in low étendue applications like projection systems and automotive headlights.

Innovation Solution

An illumination device incorporating a periodic antenna array in close proximity to the wavelength conversion medium to support surface lattice resonances, enhancing excitation and emission efficiency, allowing for thinner wavelength conversion media and improved control over light color, directionality, and polarization, thereby modifying the illumination distribution from Lambertian to a more confined solid angle.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If a thick wavelength conversion medium is used to improve absorption efficiency, then the absorption strength increases, but the local heat dissipation increases and the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabsorption efficiencyVSAvoidlocal heat dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the optical parameters of the system by introducing a periodic antenna array that supports surface lattice resonances. This resonance structure enhances the local electromagnetic field and increases the absorption efficiency without requiring a thicker phosphor layer, thereby reducing heat dissipation while maintaining energy conversion efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The periodic antenna array acts as an intermediary between the incident light and the wavelength conversion medium. It mediates the light-matter interaction by supporting surface lattice resonances that enhance absorption, allowing thin phosphor layers to achieve high absorption efficiency without the heat management issues associated with thick layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Use of energy by moving object

If a thick wavelength conversion medium is used to improve absorption efficiency, then the absorption strength increases, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabsorption efficiencyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the optical parameters by incorporating a periodic antenna array with specific geometric parameters (period, antenna shape, size) that support surface lattice resonances at the excitation wavelength. This enables high absorption efficiency in thin phosphor layers, avoiding the need for complex thick-layer structures while maintaining performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If a flat emission surface is used, then the manufacturing is simple, but the emission directionality is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidemission directionality
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the emission characteristics by introducing a periodic antenna array that supports surface lattice resonances. This resonance structure naturally directs the emitted light in specific directions determined by the resonance conditions, providing directionality control without requiring complex beam shaping optics while maintaining manufacturing simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Ease of operation

If traditional optical elements are used for beam shaping, then the illumination distribution can be controlled, but the device complexity increases and alignment precision is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveillumination distribution controlVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The periodic antenna array serves as an intermediary that integrates beam shaping and directionality control directly at the emission interface. It eliminates the need for separate beam shaping optical elements by providing inherent directionality through surface lattice resonances, reducing device complexity and alignment requirements while maintaining illumination distribution control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the efficiency of wavelength conversion processes, reduces heat dissipation, and improves the suitability of the device for low étendue applications by increasing the intensity and directionality of light emission, with potential enhancements of up to a factor of 10-50 in certain wavelength-angle regions compared to traditional Lambertian emission profiles.

Implementation Method 1

a periodic antenna array disposed in close proximity to the wavelength conversion medium and arranged such that the antenna array supports surface lattice resonances arising from diffractive coupling of localized surface plasmon resonances in individual antennas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface lattice resonances: Resonance

Implementation Method 2

surface lattice resonances arising from diffractive coupling of localized surface plasmon resonances in individual antennas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLocalized surface plasmon resonances: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

surface lattice resonances arising from diffractive coupling of localized surface plasmon resonances in individual antennas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffractive coupling: Diffraction

Implementation Method 4

The excitation efficiency depends on the absorption strength of the phosphor at the primary wavelength light emitted by the LED

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 5

The emission efficiency is influenced by both the extent to which the absorbed energy (i.e. primary wavelength light) is converted into emitted energy (i.e. secondary wavelength light)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEmission: Luminescence

Implementation Method 6

a light source arranged to emit light at a primary wavelength

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight emission: Light

Data Source

PatentEP2666192B1Illumination device
Publication Date: 2019.07.17 LUMILEDS HLDG BV
  • EP2666192B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2666192B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP2666192B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Proposed is an illumination device (100), comprising a light source (110) such as an LED or a laser diode, a wavelength conversion medium (120) such as a phosphor, and a periodic antenna array(300) made of a highly polarisable material such as a metal. The light source emits primary wavelength light that at least partially is converted in secondary wavelength light by the wavelength conversion medium. The periodic antenna array is positioned in close proximity to the wavelength conversion medium and functions to enhance the efficiency of the absorption and/or emission processes in the wavelength conversion medium through the coupling of the incident primary wavelength light or the emitted secondary light to surface lattice resonances that arise from the diffractive coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons in the individual antennas of the array. This is especially advantageous for forming low étendue illumination device suitable for use in projection systems, or for controlling the directionality, the polarization, and/or the color of the secondary wavelength light.