Base Station Antenna Calibration Circuit Layout for RF Interference Shielding
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Solution Overview
Problem
The increasing complexity and sensitivity to interference in base station antennas due to multi-band and MIMO technology integration pose a challenge in achieving high anti-interference performance at a reasonable cost.
Innovation Solution
A calibration device with a dielectric substrate and metal pattern, featuring a calibration circuit divided into two portions on opposite surfaces, configured as coplanar waveguide transmission lines, reduces interference by separating RF ports and power combiners, and using coplanar ground areas with slots to minimize direct contact and enhance shielding.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multi-band and MIMO technology are integrated into base station antennas, then the functionality and data transmission capability are improved, but the antenna system becomes more complicated and more sensitive to interference
Solution Approach 1:
The calibration circuit is divided into two separate portions: a first portion provided on a first major surface of the dielectric substrate and a second portion provided on a second major surface opposite the first major surface. This segmentation physically separates different functional components (RF ports and power combiners) onto opposite surfaces, reducing mutual interference while maintaining the complex multi-band MIMO functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The calibration circuit transitions from a planar two-dimensional layout to a three-dimensional configuration by utilizing both major surfaces of the dielectric substrate. The first portion on the first surface and the second portion on the opposite surface create vertical separation, effectively using the third dimension (depth/thickness of the substrate) to reduce interference between circuit elements.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the calibration circuit is configured as coplanar waveguide transmission lines with coplanar ground areas, then the anti-interference performance is improved, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The coplanar ground areas are printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate, merging the ground plane functionality into a single integrated structure. This combined approach provides shielding and reference potential for the transmission lines on both surfaces simultaneously, improving anti-interference performance while using standard PCB manufacturing techniques to keep production feasible.
Solution Approach 2:
The use of coplanar waveguide transmission lines changes the geometric parameters of the transmission path by placing signal and ground conductors in the same plane rather than using traditional microstrip or stripline configurations. This parameter change improves controlled impedance and reduces interference, while the parameters are optimized to remain compatible with standard manufacturing capabilities.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If the first and second portions of the calibration circuit are separated onto opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate, then the interference between RF ports and power combiners is reduced, but the device structure becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The calibration circuit is segmented into two distinct portions located on opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate. The first portion containing RF ports is separated from the second portion containing power combiners, physically isolating potentially interfering elements while maintaining their functional integrity within各自的 surface.
Solution Approach 2:
The dielectric substrate acts as an intermediary element between the first and second portions of the calibration circuit. By placing circuit portions on opposite surfaces of this dielectric medium, the substrate provides both physical separation to reduce interference and electrical coupling through its dielectric properties to maintain signal integrity.
Data Source
AI summary
A calibration device for an antenna includes a dielectric substrate and a metal pattern printed on the dielectric substrate. The metal pattern includes at least a portion of a calibration circuit, where a first portion of the calibration circuit is on a first major surface of the dielectric substrate, a second portion of the calibration circuit is on an opposed second major surface of the dielectric substrate. The first portion and/or the second portion of the calibration circuit may be constructed as coplanar waveguide transmission lines.