Antenna Switching System with Power Divider for Impedance Matching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional smart antenna systems face challenges in achieving impedance matching and isolation between antenna sectors for single and combined beam operations, leading to inefficient spectrum resource utilization and increased costs due to the need for high voltage and DC to DC converters.
Innovation Solution
An antenna switching system incorporating a first RF circuit, a power divider, and multiple switches with symmetrical architecture, allowing for efficient switching between single and combined beam operations without impedance mismatch and at low operation voltage, eliminating the need for DC to DC converters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If two adjacent diode switching circuits are turned on to form a combined beam, then the beam coverage is improved, but the impedance matching deteriorates (50-ohm//50-ohm=25-ohm)
Solution Approach 1:
A 3-dB power divider is introduced as an intermediary component between the RF circuit and the antenna sectors. When two adjacent switches are turned on, the power divider ensures that the combined impedance remains matched to 50 ohms by providing the appropriate impedance transformation, thus resolving the impedance mismatch problem while maintaining the ability to form combined beams.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the impedance parameters of the switching circuit by introducing the power divider with specific impedance characteristics. This allows the circuit to dynamically adjust its impedance state depending on whether single or combined beams are being formed, maintaining 50-ohm matching in both operational modes.
2Adaptability or versatility
If two adjacent diode switching circuits are turned on to form a combined beam, then the beam coverage is improved, but the isolation between antenna sectors deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The 3-dB power divider acts as an intermediary that provides proper signal distribution and isolation between adjacent antenna sectors. When two sectors are activated for combined beam operation, the power divider ensures adequate isolation between them, preventing signal leakage and interference while maintaining the combined beam functionality.
3Ease of operation
If reverse bias voltage greater than 3.3V is provided to turn off the diode, then the switching control is improved, but the system cost increases (requiring DC to DC converter)
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the voltage parameter from high voltage (5V or 12V) to low voltage (3.3V) operation. By using CMOS switches instead of diodes and providing the appropriate reverse bias voltage of 3.3V, the system can effectively turn off the switching element without requiring a DC to DC converter, thus reducing system cost and complexity while maintaining switching control capability.
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna switching system is provided. The system includes a radio frequency (RF) circuit for transmitting and receiving signals, a first antenna, a second antenna, a first switch, a first switch assembly, a second switch assembly, and a power divider. The first switch electrically connected to the RF circuit. The first switch assembly electrically connected between the first switch and the first antenna. The second switch assembly electrically connected between the first switch and the second antenna. The power divider electrically connected between the first switch and the first switch assembly and between the first switch and the second switch assembly. When the first switch is switched to the power divider, the signals are transmitted by the first antenna and the second antenna.