Substituted Anthraquinone Dyes for Hydrocarbon Marking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for marking petroleum hydrocarbons are often expensive, unstable, or difficult to prepare, and lack sufficient options for digital marking systems that can maximize available codes.
Innovation Solution
The method involves adding substituted anthraquinone dyes with specific absorption maxima in the range of 600 nm to 750 nm to petroleum hydrocarbons, allowing for invisible marking and subsequent identification through spectrophotometric detection, using combinations of dyes to create a coding system based on relative amounts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If existing dyes are used to mark petroleum hydrocarbons, then marking is achieved, but the method becomes expensive and difficult to prepare
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the molecular structure of anthraquinone dyes by changing substituent parameters (R1-R7 groups) to optimize both stability and ease of preparation. Specifically, introducing alkylamino groups at positions 1 and 4, and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 8, creates dyes that are both stable and cost-effective to manufacture, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing ease and reliability.
2Adaptability or versatility
If more dye options are added to maximize coding capacity, then the number of available codes increases, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the dye molecules into distinct structural families based on their absorption characteristics. By creating dyes with specific absorption maxima (600-750 nm range) and categorizing them by substituent patterns, the system can manage complexity through structured classification while expanding coding capacity through combinatorial use of these segmented dye types.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If dyes with absorption maxima in the 600-750 nm range are used, then invisible marking is achieved, but detection sensitivity must be increased
Solution Approach 1:
The patent exploits color changes in the visible spectrum by selecting dyes with absorption maxima in the 600-750 nm red region. This creates invisible marking in the visible spectrum while maintaining strong absorption signals for detection. The dyes undergo characteristic color changes that enable sensitive spectrophotometric detection despite the invisible nature of the marking itself.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a cost-effective and stable method for marking petroleum hydrocarbons, enabling accurate identification and coding through the use of multiple dyes with distinct absorption maxima, minimizing interference and increasing the flexibility of the marking process.
Implementation Method 1
the substituted anthraquinone dye(s) has an absorption maximum in the range from 600 nm to 750 nm
Data Source
AI summary
A method for marking a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon. The method comprises adding to the liquid petroleum hydrocarbon at least one substituted anthraquinone dry having formula (I)wherein X is O or S; Y is O, NR7 or S; R1 and R2 independently are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic or alkanoyl; R3 and R5 independently are alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocyclic; R4 and R6 independently are hydrogen or alkyl; R7 is hydrogen or alkyl; and wherein the substituted anthraquinone dye(s) has an absorption maximum in the range from 600 nm to 750 nm.