Antimony Ion Valence Analysis via Colorimetric Screening
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods, such as X-ray fluorescence analysis, cannot effectively evaluate the valence of antimony ions, which is crucial due to varying toxicity levels, and hydride generation ICP mass spectrometry is not suitable for screening purposes due to its large scale and complexity.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the use of specific acid mixtures and organic solvents to chlorinate antimony ions, followed by phase separation and colorimetric analysis with rhodamine B to evaluate pentavalent antimony ion concentrations, allowing for valence-based analysis in a simpler and more cost-effective manner.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If hydride generation ICP mass spectrometry is used to analyze antimony according to its valence, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases and it becomes unsuitable for screening
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the essential function of valence-specific detection from the complex ICP-MS system by isolating the chemical separation step. It uses selective precipitation with sulfuride ions to separate pentavalent antimony from trivalent antimony, followed by simple colorimetric detection, thereby removing the need for complex mass spectrometry equipment while retaining the ability to distinguish valences.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces expensive, complex, and durable laboratory equipment (ICP-MS) with simple, inexpensive, and easily disposable reagents and test tubes. The method uses common laboratory chemicals like sulfuride sources and colorimetric reagents that can be prepared and discarded easily, making the system suitable for routine screening without requiring maintenance of complex instruments.
2Ease of operation
If X-ray fluorescence analysis is used to determine antimony concentration, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates because it cannot evaluate according to valence
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the antimony analysis into two independent steps: first, chemical separation of pentavalent and trivalent antimony using selective precipitation; second, colorimetric detection of the separated pentavalent antimony. This segmentation allows the use of simple operations for each step while achieving precise valence-specific measurement, overcoming the limitation of X-ray fluorescence that detects total antimony without valence differentiation.
3Device complexity
If a screening method for valence analysis is developed, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameter from direct measurement of antimony ions to measurement of color intensity after chemical reaction. By converting pentavalent antimony into a colored complex whose intensity is proportional to concentration, the method achieves accurate quantitative analysis using simple visual or spectrophotometric measurement, maintaining precision while reducing device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables the accurate and efficient evaluation of pentavalent antimony ion concentrations, providing a suitable screening method for valence analysis without the need for large-scale equipment, thus addressing the limitations of existing technologies.
Implementation Method 1
mixing the fourth analysis solution and a coloring liquid containing rhodamine B to obtain a fifth analysis solution, and evaluating a concentration of the pentavalent antimony ions in the first analysis solution from color of the fifth analysis solution
Data Source
AI summary
A method of analyzing an antimony ion of an embodiment, the method includes using a first analysis solution or a second analysis solution, the first analysis solution containing trivalent antimony ions and pentavalent antimony ions, the second analysis solution being a solution obtained by mixing a first acid and the first analysis solution, and mixing the first analysis solution or the second analysis solution with a second acid to obtain a third analysis solution in which the pentavalent antimony ions are chlorinated and which contains [SbCl6]− ions, mixing the third analysis solution and a first organic solvent and phase-separating the mixture into a fourth analysis solution as an organic phase and an aqueous phase to obtain the fourth analysis solution, mixing the fourth analysis solution and a coloring liquid containing rhodamine B to obtain a fifth analysis solution, and evaluating a concentration of the pentavalent antimony ions in the first analysis solution from color of the fifth analysis solution. A total concentration of nitric acid, cerium (IV) nitrate, and cerium (IV) sulfate contained in the first analysis solution is 0.00 mol/L or more and 0.1 mol/L or less. The total concentration of nitric acid, cerium (IV) nitrate, and cerium (IV) sulfate contained in the first acid is 0.00 mol/L or more and 0.1 mol/L or less. The total concentration of nitric acid, cerium (IV) nitrate, and cerium (IV) sulfate contained in the second acid is 0.00 mol/L or more and 0.1 mol/L or less.