Antiperspirant Composition with High SEC Peak 4 Intensity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing antiperspirant compositions struggle to achieve high efficacy by maintaining low molecular weight aluminum and zirconium species, as previous efforts have failed to produce compositions with little or no Peak 3 and optionally little or no Peak 5 in SEC chromatograms, which are correlated with enhanced antiperspirant performance.
Innovation Solution
An antiperspirant active composition is developed with an aluminum to chloride molar ratio of 0.3:1 to 3:1, featuring a SEC Peak 4 to Peak 3 intensity ratio of at least 7 and Peak 4 intensity greater than Peak 5, achieved through a method involving heating an aluminum salt solution with a buffer, adjusting pH with an inorganic base, and optionally adding zirconium, to create an aluminum-zirconium salt solution with specific molar ratios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional antiperspirant compositions are used, then manufacturing process is simple, but the composition cannot achieve high efficacy due to presence of larger molecular weight species (Peaks 1-3)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the molecular weight distribution of aluminum and zirconium species through controlled hydrolysis and polymerization conditions. By adjusting parameters such as temperature, pH, reaction time, and stoichiometric ratios, the composition achieves high efficacy (Peak 4 intensity > Peak 5 intensity, SEC Peak 4 to Peak 3 intensity ratio ≥ 7) while maintaining manageable manufacturing complexity.
2Reliability
If efforts are made to increase smaller aluminum and zirconium species, then antiperspirant efficacy improves, but the composition cannot eliminate larger species (Peaks 1-3)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs preliminary action by pre-establishing controlled hydrolysis and polymerization conditions before the main reaction. Through preliminary control of reactant stoichiometry (aluminum to chloride molar ratio of 0.3:1 to 3:1), temperature (50-95°C), and pH adjustment with inorganic bases, the process ensures formation of desired small species (Peak 4) while preventing excessive formation of larger species (Peaks 1-3), achieving both high efficacy and manufacturing precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback through SEC chromatographic analysis to monitor and adjust the molecular weight distribution during composition development. By analyzing the peak intensities (SEC Peak 4 to Peak 3 intensity ratio ≥ 7, Peak 4 intensity > Peak 5 intensity) and using this feedback to refine manufacturing parameters, the process achieves precise control over molecular weight distribution while maintaining high antiperspirant efficacy.
3Reliability
If the composition is heated to reflux for extended period, then smaller aluminum species formation improves, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by using controlled reflux heating for a specific duration (1-5 hours) rather than extended prolonged heating. By optimizing the heating time to achieve sufficient formation of smaller aluminum species (Peak 4) without excessive energy consumption, the process balances efficacy improvement with energy efficiency. The aluminum to chloride molar ratio of 0.3:1 to 3:1 and pH adjustment with inorganic bases further enhance species formation within this optimized time frame.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting composition exhibits high levels of low molecular weight aluminum and zirconium species, reflected in intense Peak 4 and low Peaks 1, 2, and 3 in SEC traces, enhancing antiperspirant efficacy and stability.
Implementation Method 1
heating an aqueous solution containing an aluminum salt having an aluminum to chloride molar ratio of about 0.3:1 to about 3:1, optionally with a buffer agent, at a temperature of about 50° C. to about 95° C. to reflux for a period of time of about 1 hour to about 5 hours
Implementation Method 2
Antiperspirant salts, such as aluminum chlorohydrex (also called aluminum chlorohydrex polymeric salts and abbreviated here as 'ACH') and aluminum zirconium glycine salts
Implementation Method 3
adding an aqueous solution of an inorganic base to obtain an aluminum salt solution having an OH:Al molar ratio of about 2:1 to about 2.6:1 to obtain a pH adjusted aluminum salt solution having a pH of about 2 to about 5
Data Source
AI summary
An aluminum salt composition comprising an aluminum chlorohydrate having an aluminum to chloride molar ratio of about 0.3:1 to about 3:1, exhibiting a SEC chromatogram having a SEC Peak 4 to Peak 3 intensity ratio of at least 17, a SEC Peak 3 area of less than 5% of a total area of Peaks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the SEC chromatogram, and a Peak 4 intensity greater than a Peak 5 intensity in aqueous solution.