Antisense Oligonucleotide Exon Skipping for DMD

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are inadequate in effectively restoring dystrophin expression and muscle function, as they often result in severe side effects and limited efficacy, particularly in males who suffer from premature muscle degeneration and respiratory or heart failure.

Innovation Solution

The method involves using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to induce skipping of specific exons in the DMD pre-mRNA, specifically exons 43, 46, 50-53, to restore the open reading frame and promote the production of functional dystrophin protein, thereby alleviating muscle symptoms and improving muscle function.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If antisense oligonucleotides are used to induce exon skipping, then dystrophin expression is restored, but severe side effects occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedystrophin expression restorationVSAvoidside effects
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical parameters of oligonucleotides by using 2'-O-methyl RNA modifications and phosphorothioate backbones, which change the physical and chemical properties to reduce immunogenicity and nuclease degradation while maintaining exon skipping efficacy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates composite oligonucleotide structures combining modified sugar moieties (2'-O-methyl RNA) with modified backbone linkages (phosphorothioate), resulting in a molecule that integrates both therapeutic function and reduced side effects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If current therapies are applied to restore dystrophin expression, then muscle function improves, but durability of treatment outcomes is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemuscle function improvementVSAvoidtreatment outcome durability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs multiple oligonucleotide sequences targeting different regions of the DMD gene, using partial redundancy to ensure sustained dystrophin restoration even if individual sequences have variable efficacy or are degraded over time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Productivity

If exon skipping is induced in DMD pre-mRNA, then functional dystrophin production increases, but aberrant dystrophin production persists

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefunctional dystrophin productionVSAvoiddystrophin production accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses antisense oligonucleotides as intermediary molecules that bind to specific sequences in the DMD pre-mRNA, acting as mediators to redirect splicing machinery and promote exon skipping while minimizing aberrant splicing events through optimized sequence design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach leads to significant dystrophin expression in muscle fibers, improving muscle function and reducing aberrant dystrophin production, thereby prolonging ambulation and overall quality of life for DMD patients, with minimal side effects.

Implementation Method 1

antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) interfering with splicing signals the skipping of specific exons can be induced in the DMD pre-mRNA

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectComplementary base pairing: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

specific modification of splicing in order to restore the disrupted reading frame of the dystrophin transcript

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSplicing modulation:

Data Source

PatentEP3400948A1Methods and means for efficient skipping of at least one of the following exons of the human duchenne muscular dystrophy gene: 43, 46, 50- 53
Publication Date: 2018.11.14 BIOMARIN TECHNOLOGIES BV
  • EP3400948A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3400948A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3400948A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates a method wherein a molecule is used for inducing and/or promoting skipping of at least one of exon 43, exon 46, exons 50-53 of the DMD pre-mRNA in a patient, preferably in an isolated cell of a patient, the method comprising providing said cell and/or said patient with a molecule. The invention also relates to said molecule as such.