Antiviral Composition Using Plant Extracts and Mineral Salts
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antiviral drugs, particularly nucleoside derivatives like zidovudine, face challenges due to the emergence of resistant HIV mutants, necessitating the development of new antiretroviral compositions that can effectively inactivate HIV infectivity.
Innovation Solution
A composition combining coconut extract, mineral salts, and plant extracts from Cactaceae, Liliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Musaceae, Rutaceae, Artocarpaceae, Bombaceae, and Wood Lice, processed through maceration, boiling, and solvent extraction to produce fractions with virucidal properties, which are then purified and combined with an inert pharmaceutical vehicle.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nucleoside derivatives like zidovudine are used as antiviral drugs, then HIV infection can be treated, but resistant HIV mutants emerge
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple natural products from different plant families (coconut, cactaceae, liliaceae, anacardiaceae, euphorbiaceae, musaceae, passionflower, rutaceae, artocarpée, bombaceae, and wood lice) into a composite antiviral composition. This multi-component approach addresses drug resistance by utilizing synergistic effects among different natural compounds, making it harder for the virus to develop resistance compared to single-drug therapies.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs solvent extraction techniques and pH adjustments (basification to pH 9) to transform and isolate active compounds from the natural products. These parameter changes enable the extraction of virucidal agents that may not be active in their native form, enhancing the antiviral efficacy against resistant mutants.
2Reliability
If multiple natural products are combined in a composition, then antiviral efficacy is enhanced, but the complexity of obtaining and processing the composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the complex mixture of natural products into separate fractions through solvent extraction (pentane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate) and pH-based separation. This segmentation allows for systematic processing of each component, making the overall extraction process more manageable and enabling identification of specific active compounds responsible for antiviral activity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses pH adjustment (basification to pH 9) as an intermediary step to facilitate the extraction of active compounds from the complex natural product mixture. This pH change acts as a mediator that transforms the solubility and extraction characteristics of the compounds, enabling their separation from the complex matrix.
3Manufacturing precision
If the composition is processed through multiple extraction steps, then pure active compounds are obtained, but the time required for processing increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic extraction steps using different solvents (pentane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate) at different pH conditions. This periodic action allows for systematic isolation of compounds with different solubility characteristics, achieving high purity through repeated cycles of extraction and separation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes phase transitions during solvent extraction, where compounds are transferred between different solvent phases based on their solubility characteristics. The basification step induces phase changes that enable selective extraction of active compounds, achieving purification through controlled transitions between liquid phases.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition significantly inhibits HIV replication and reverse transcriptase activity, demonstrating a high efficacy in inactivating viral particles and reducing cytopathogenic effects without toxicity, making it suitable for treating AIDS and related conditions.
Implementation Method 1
The composition significantly inhibits HIV replication and reverse transcriptase activity, demonstrating a high efficacy in inactivating viral particles
Implementation Method 2
The compositions are as obtained by macerating powdered coconut with vinegar for about 24 hours, adding to the filtrate of the maceration mixture the various ingredients listed above
Implementation Method 3
bringing the mixture obtained to a boil for at least 1 h and recovering the filtrate
Implementation Method 4
adding to the filtrate of the maceration mixture the various ingredients listed above, bringing the mixture obtained to a boil for at least 1 h and recovering the filtrate
Implementation Method 5
The solution is then subjected to a standard active compound protocol. l) optional delipidation at neutral pH with pentane which was led, after evaporation of the solvent, to a first fraction called F1, then with methylene chloride to give fraction F2
Implementation Method 6
after evaporation of the solvent, to a first fraction called F1, then with methylene chloride to give fraction F2 after evaporation under reduced pressure
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to compositions having antiviral properties, in particular antiretroviral properties for treating AIDS. The invention also relates to a method for producing same. The compositions of the invention are characterized in that they are developed from acetic acid and coconut extracts, a solution of mineral salts, and extracts from the Cactaceae, Liliaceae, Anacardiaceae and Euphorbiaceae families.